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Nutriton Exam 2 > Nutrition - exam 2- Water- soluble vitamins > Flashcards

Nutrition - exam 2- Water- soluble vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Thiamin function

A

Vitamin B1

Coenzyme
Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA
-why? So it can go into Krebs cycle

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2
Q

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

A

Vitamin B1, thiamin, deficiency in alcoholics

S/S
⋅disorientation, poor memory, jerky eyes, difficulty walking

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2
Q

Thiamin deficiency

A

B1

Called “beriberi”

poor memory, enlarged heart

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3
Q

Thiamin sources

A

Pork chops, pistachios

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4
Q

Nutritional yeast

A

Dried yeast cells high in vitamin B

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6
Q

Riboflavin function

A

Vitamin B2

Light sensitive, but heat stable

COENZYME

  • Forms FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide
  • Carries hydrogen from Krebs cycle to electron transport chain
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7
Q

Riboflavin deficiency

A

Vitamin B2

S/S
cracks at corner of the mouth

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7
Q

Why does milk come in Opaque plastic jugs or cartons?

A

Because riboflavin (B2) is light sensitive

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8
Q

Riboflavin sources

A

Vitamin B2

Milk products
Oysters / clams
Mushrooms

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9
Q

Niacin function

A

Vitamin B3

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) : coenzyme

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10
Q

Niacin deficiency

A

Vitamin B3

“pellagra”

S/S (the 3 Ds)
⋅Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

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11
Q

What can be used to lower blood cholesterol in large doses, but has serious side effects?

A

Niacin B3

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12
Q

Niacin toxicity

A

Vitamin B3

S/S
tingling sensations, liver damage, ulcers

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13
Q

Most B vitamins function as what?

A

Coenzymes

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14
Q

Niacin sources

A

Vitamin B3

Meats, nuts, mushrooms

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15
Q

What is the importance of tryptophan?

A

Can be used to synthesize niacin B3 but to a 60:1 ratio. Very inefficient.

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16
Q

Biotin function

A

Another type of B vitamin

Coenzyme, carries CO2 in the Krebs cycle

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18
Q

Most B vitamins are extremely sensitive to heat expect?

A

Riboflavin B2

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18
Q

Biotin deficiency

A

Skin rash, hair loss

*raw egg whites prevents absorption

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19
Q

Biotin sources

A

Eggs yolks
Soybean
GI bacteria

20
Q

Pantothenic acid function

A

Part of CoA

Helps in production of lipids, neurotransmitters, hemoglobin and hormones

21
Q

How can pantothenic acid very destroyed?

A

Processing, freezing, canning

22
Q

Pantothenic acid deficiency

A

cramps, insomnia, fatigue, depression, irritability, restlessness

24
Q

What is special about vitamin B6?

A

It’s stored in muscle tissue

It has a toxicity level

24
Q

Pantothenic acid sources

A

Mushrooms
Avocado
Broccoli

25
Q

Vitamin B6 function

A

Transfers amino group: amino acid metabolism and synthesis (of the non essential amino acids obviously because the body is making them)

Heme, DNA, RNA, and neurotransmitters

27
Q

Contrary to belief vitamin B6 doesn’t….

A

Improve PMS, carpal tunnel syndrome, or sleep disorders

27
Q

Vitamin B6 deficiency

A

INH : isoniazid/isonicotinylhydrazine, TB medication can affect absorption and cause deficiency because it is taken over months.

S/S
⋅ confusion, Convulsions

28
Q

Vitamin B6 toxicity

A

S/S

⋅irritability, headaches, numbness,nerve damage

29
Q

Alcohol and vitamin B6

A

Alcohol is digested by alcohol dehydrogenase into acetylaldehyde. Acetylaldehyde is what leashes vitamin B6 from the muscles.

30
Q

Folate function

A

Conversion of B12 into usable forms

DNA synthesis

Carbon transfers during metabolism

Enterohepatic circulation

Decrease the incidence of heart disease and cancer

Heat sensitive

31
Q

Vitamin B6 sources

A

Bananas, squash, watermelon

32
Q

Enterohepatic circulation

A

Folate is absorbed in intestines, then transfered to the liver, then goes to the gallbladder as bile and eventually back into the intestines

Also happens with vitamin B12

34
Q

Folate deficiency

A

smooth red tongue, neural tube defects in babies ( happens early in pregnancy)

Folate absorption is impaired by smoking, aspirin, antacids, oral contraceptives

34
Q

Folate helps reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer by what?

A

Folate converts homocystine into methionine. Homocystine accumulation is shown to promote heart disease and cancer

35
Q

Folate toxicity

A

malaise (fell bad), intestinal dysfunction

36
Q

Vitamin B12 function

A

Amino acids, DNA, RNA synthesis

Myelin sheath - neurons

Bone cell function

(Enterohepatic circulation)

37
Q

Folate sources

A

Leafy green vegetables, okra, asparagus

38
Q

Absorption of B12 requires…

A

The protein intrinsic factor

39
Q

Vitamin B12 is destroyed by….

A

Microwaves aka radiation

40
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

“pernicious anemia” : blood disorder characterized by large RBC and nervous system damage

S/S
⋅ smooth sore tongue, paralysis, nerve damage

41
Q

Vitamin B12 sources

A

Meat, milk, egg products

*concern for vegetarians

42
Q

Vitamin C function

A

Also called ascorbic acid

( easily destroyed by heat)

Neutralizes free radicals

Collagen formation

Metabolism : fatty acid, amino acid, neurotransmitters, hormones

Immune response and tissue repair

Deactivated histamine : helping congestion of a cold (only happens w/in the first hour or two

43
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

“scurvy”

Weak connective tissue, bleeding, muscle degeneration, fragile bones

45
Q

Vitamin C toxicity

A

kidney stones

45
Q

Smokers require less vitamin C

A

False they require more

46
Q

Vitamin C sources

A

Citrus fruits
Broccoli
Red and green peppers

47
Q

Which water soluble vitamins have a toxicity level?

A

Niacin B3, vitamin B6, Folate, vitamin C

Nutriton Exam 2 (5 decks)

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