Nutrition - exam 2- Water- soluble vitamins

Question 1

Thiamin function

Answer 1

Vitamin B1

Coenzyme
Conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA
-why? So it can go into Krebs cycle

Question 2

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

Answer 2

Vitamin B1, thiamin, deficiency in alcoholics

S/S
⋅disorientation, poor memory, jerky eyes, difficulty walking

Question 2

Thiamin deficiency

Answer 2

B1

Called “beriberi”

poor memory, enlarged heart

Question 3

Thiamin sources

Answer 3

Pork chops, pistachios

Question 4

Nutritional yeast

Answer 4

Dried yeast cells high in vitamin B

Question 6

Riboflavin function

Answer 6

Vitamin B2

Light sensitive, but heat stable

COENZYME

• Forms FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide
• Carries hydrogen from Krebs cycle to electron transport chain

Question 7

Riboflavin deficiency

Answer 7

Vitamin B2

S/S
cracks at corner of the mouth

Question 7

Why does milk come in Opaque plastic jugs or cartons?

Answer 7

Because riboflavin (B2) is light sensitive

Question 8

Riboflavin sources

Answer 8

Vitamin B2

Milk products
Oysters / clams
Mushrooms

Question 9

Niacin function

Answer 9

Vitamin B3

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) : coenzyme

Question 10

Niacin deficiency

Answer 10

Vitamin B3

“pellagra”

S/S (the 3 Ds)
⋅Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

Question 11

What can be used to lower blood cholesterol in large doses, but has serious side effects?

Answer 11

Niacin B3

Question 12

Niacin toxicity

Answer 12

Vitamin B3

S/S
tingling sensations, liver damage, ulcers

Question 13

Most B vitamins function as what?

Answer 13

Coenzymes

Question 14

Niacin sources

Answer 14

Vitamin B3

Meats, nuts, mushrooms

Question 15

What is the importance of tryptophan?

Answer 15

Can be used to synthesize niacin B3 but to a 60:1 ratio. Very inefficient.

Question 16

Biotin function

Answer 16

Another type of B vitamin

Coenzyme, carries CO2 in the Krebs cycle

Question 18

Most B vitamins are extremely sensitive to heat expect?

Answer 18

Riboflavin B2

Question 18

Biotin deficiency

Answer 18

Skin rash, hair loss

*raw egg whites prevents absorption

Question 19

Biotin sources

Answer 19

Eggs yolks
Soybean
GI bacteria

Question 20

Pantothenic acid function

Answer 20

Part of CoA

Helps in production of lipids, neurotransmitters, hemoglobin and hormones

Question 21

How can pantothenic acid very destroyed?

Answer 21

Processing, freezing, canning

Question 22

Pantothenic acid deficiency

Answer 22

cramps, insomnia, fatigue, depression, irritability, restlessness

Question 24

What is special about vitamin B6?

Answer 24

It’s stored in muscle tissue

It has a toxicity level

Question 24

Pantothenic acid sources

Answer 24

Mushrooms Avocado Broccoli

Question 25

Vitamin B6 function

Answer 25

Transfers amino group: amino acid metabolism and synthesis (of the non essential amino acids obviously because the body is making them) Heme, DNA, RNA, and neurotransmitters

Question 27

Contrary to belief vitamin B6 doesn't....

Answer 27

Improve PMS, carpal tunnel syndrome, or sleep disorders

Question 27

Vitamin B6 deficiency

Answer 27

INH : isoniazid/isonicotinylhydrazine, TB medication can affect absorption and cause deficiency because it is taken over months. S/S ⋅ confusion, Convulsions

Question 28

Vitamin B6 toxicity

Answer 28

S/S | ⋅irritability, headaches, numbness,nerve damage

Question 29

Alcohol and vitamin B6

Answer 29

Alcohol is digested by alcohol dehydrogenase into acetylaldehyde. Acetylaldehyde is what leashes vitamin B6 from the muscles.

Question 30

Folate function

Answer 30

Conversion of B12 into usable forms DNA synthesis Carbon transfers during metabolism Enterohepatic circulation Decrease the incidence of heart disease and cancer Heat sensitive

Question 31

Vitamin B6 sources

Answer 31

Bananas, squash, watermelon

Question 32

Enterohepatic circulation

Answer 32

Folate is absorbed in intestines, then transfered to the liver, then goes to the gallbladder as bile and eventually back into the intestines Also happens with vitamin B12

Question 34

Folate deficiency

Answer 34

smooth red tongue, neural tube defects in babies ( happens early in pregnancy) Folate absorption is impaired by smoking, aspirin, antacids, oral contraceptives

Question 34

Folate helps reduce the risk of heart disease and cancer by what?

Answer 34

Folate converts homocystine into methionine. Homocystine accumulation is shown to promote heart disease and cancer

Question 35

Folate toxicity

Answer 35

malaise (fell bad), intestinal dysfunction

Question 36

Vitamin B12 function

Answer 36

Amino acids, DNA, RNA synthesis Myelin sheath - neurons Bone cell function (Enterohepatic circulation)

Question 37

Folate sources

Answer 37

Leafy green vegetables, okra, asparagus

Question 38

Absorption of B12 requires...

Answer 38

The protein intrinsic factor

Question 39

Vitamin B12 is destroyed by....

Answer 39

Microwaves aka radiation

Question 40

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 40

"pernicious anemia" : blood disorder characterized by large RBC and nervous system damage S/S ⋅ smooth sore tongue, paralysis, nerve damage

Question 41

Vitamin B12 sources

Answer 41

Meat, milk, egg products *concern for vegetarians

Question 42

Vitamin C function

Answer 42

Also called ascorbic acid ( easily destroyed by heat) Neutralizes free radicals Collagen formation Metabolism : fatty acid, amino acid, neurotransmitters, hormones Immune response and tissue repair Deactivated histamine : helping congestion of a cold (only happens w/in the first hour or two

Question 43

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 43

"scurvy" Weak connective tissue, bleeding, muscle degeneration, fragile bones

Question 45

Vitamin C toxicity

Answer 45

kidney stones

Question 45

Smokers require less vitamin C

Answer 45

False they require more

Question 46

Vitamin C sources

Answer 46

Citrus fruits Broccoli Red and green peppers

Question 47

Which water soluble vitamins have a toxicity level?

Answer 47

Niacin B3, vitamin B6, Folate, vitamin C