Nutrition Different Age Group Flashcards
How much increase of calories intake recommendation for second trimester?
340 calorie increase
How much increase of calories intake recommendation for third trimester?
452 calorie increase
Increase Calorie intake for lactating mothers
During postpartum period: 330 calorie increase
Additional 330 during first 6 months, then increase to 400 calories second 6 months of year
DRI protein intake during pregnancy
71g/day
Fat intake during pregnancy
Limited to 30% of total caloric intake
Carb intake during pregnancy and why
50% of total caloric intake to prevent protein from breakdown & available for fetal tissue
What ages when vitamins are crucial to increase during nonpregnancy, pregnancy, and lactating?
19-30
Recommended weight during pregnancy first trimester
Recommended weight gain is 1.1–4.4 pounds
Recommended weight gain for second and third trimester
2–4 pounds
Second and third trimester: normal weight/BMI
Recommend weight gain
1 pound/weak for total 25 to 35 pounds
Second and third trimester: underweight
Recommend weight gain
Just more than 1 pound per week for a total 28 to 40 pounds
Second and third trimester: overweight
Recommend weight gain
0.66 pounds/week for a total 15 to 25 pounds
Second and third trimester: obese patients
Recommend weight gain
0.5 pounds/for a total of 11 to 20 pounds
Caffeine during pregnancy
Can cross placenta and affect HR & movement of baby
<200mg/day is ok
Folic Acid during pregnancy
600mcg/day to prevent neural tube defect
Lactating: 500mcg/day
With a child born w/ neural tube defect: 4mg/day
Sources: green leafy, enriched grains, OJ
crucial for neuro dev., prevent birth defect, inc. RBC formation for mom
Iron during pregnancy
Increase by 50% and increase intake of vit c for absorption
Iron Supplement (ferrous sulfate): 27-30mg
Fish/ Seafood during pregnancy
Mercury= fatal to fetal brain
-limit albacore 6oz/week, 12oz of seafood
-Avoid shiny fishes and you’re not familiar with ^__^
NC for N/C during pregnancy
-For Nausea: crackers, salty or tart food. AVOID fluids w/ meals, caffeine, spices, fat) or take meds w/ HCP
-For constipation: inc. fluids, fiber, and activity
Maternal Phenylketonuria (PKU)
“PKU, Protein can Kill Ur baby!”
Genetic disease, high level of phenylalanine= dangerous to fetus
-Start PKU diet 3 months prior pregnancy and continue throughout pregnancy
-Food high in protein must be avoided due to high phenylalanine
When does birth weight double
4-6 months and triples by 1 year of age
Why semisolid should not be introduced < 6 months?
Baby GI still developing, can’t sit up right and move tongue back and forth (risk for aspiration)
Iron consideration for breastfed
Gestational iron depletes begins at 4 months, iron supplement recommended for infants breastfed.
Once eating solid food, can obtain iron from food
Cow’s milk or honey to infants
NOOOOOOO until after 1 yr old because less than 1 yr- immune system, kidney arent fully developed, and can’t digest it yet
Total weight gain for underweight
28-40
Total weight gain for average weight
25-35
Total weight gain for overweight
15-25
Supplemental water in breastfed infants
NOOOOO w/out an order or until 6 months
Recommended Breastmilk age range
6-12 months
Breast Milk from different source other than mom
-Should be screened and consulted w/ HCP
Nutritional advantage of breast milk
-Macronutrients are ready for absorption
-High in Omega 3
-Low in Na+
-Mg, Iron, Zinc highly absorbable
-Calcium absorption is enhanced
Breast feeding teaching points
-8-12 feeding in 24 hrs
-Crying late indicator of hunger, practice demand feed such as suckling on hands
-15 min per breast. Signs baby is full ( slow suck, sleeping, soft on breast)
-Awaken baby q3 to feed during day and q4 at night
-Do not microwave or defrost stored breast milk- destroys milk’s antibodies and can burn baby’s mouth
-Do not refreeze thawed milk; discard unused milk
Formula feeding
baby shouldn’t drink no more than 32 oz in 24 hrs unless indicated
-DO NOT PROP bottle or put baby in bed with a bottle: this promotes tooth decay
Meat introduction to babies
Introduce first d/t its iron and zinc
Solid food with 9 months
Can eat that are cooked, chopped, unseasoned
Foods high in Iron for pregnant
Meat, eggs, leafy veggies, enriched bread, dried fruits
