Minerals, Electrolytes, Water, & Phytonutrients

Question 1

Trace Minerals Consists of and required through dietary sources/day?

Answer 1

9 trace elements: iron, iodine, zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium, molybdenum, and fluoride
20mg or less

Question 2

Iodine
-significance
-sources
-Deficit/ Excess

Answer 2

Used for thyroxine synthesis for metabolism.
RDA is 150mcg for adults
Sources: seafood and fortified table salt
Taken by thyroid: Deficit—> goiter, Excess—> throtoxicosis

Question 3

Iron

-Significance
-Sources
-Deficit/ Excess/Toxic
-EXPECTED & NC (if any)

Answer 3

-Responsible for O2 distribution to hemoglobin & myoglobin

-Heme Iron found in poultry & fish
-Non-Heme Iron found in grains, legumes, and veggies (spinach), raisins

-Def—> anemia, tacycardia (compensate)
-Excess= result from unneeded supplements
-Toxic from too much stored iron

-EXPECTED: GI upset, teeth discoloration (if in liquid form), green/black stools
-NC: Use straw, encourage fruits, veggies, high fiber

Question 4

What can increase absorption of iron?

Answer 4

Vitamin C

Question 5

Who are at risk for iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 5

Menstruating years, older infants & toddlers, and pregnant patients

Question 6

Fluoride

-Significance
-Sources
-Deficit/ Excess/ Toxic
-EXPECTED & NC (if any)

Answer 6

forms a bind w. Calcium and accumulates in calcified bones & teeth.

-Added in h2O to protect against cavities

-Def—> dental caries, inc. risk of osteoporosis
-Tox—> itching, fluorosis, chest pain

Question 7

How do we lose water

Answer 7

Via kidneys, bleeding, vomiting, rapid respiration

Question 8

Minimum daily amount of water intake?

Answer 8

15oomL

Question 9

How much water is loss in a healthy adults ?

Answer 9

1000mL through skin, fecal, respiration

Question 10

How much water is loss to get rid of metabolic wastes?

Answer 10

500mL

Question 11

What are other sources of water besides fluids?

Answer 11

Lettuce, gelatin, soup, melons, fruit products, frozen treats

Question 12

AI for adult water intake in females

Answer 12

2.7/day, 2.2L should be from fluids

Question 13

AI for adults water intake in men

Answer 13

3.7/day, 2L from fluids

Question 14

Who gets dehydrated more rapidly?

Answer 14

Children & geriatrics

Question 15

What is the late indicator of need of rehydration in geriatrics?

Answer 15

Thirst

Question 16

Significance about caffeinated drinks

Answer 16

It’s a mild diuretic and when a patient builds tolerance and regularly consumes it, it has no effect on fluid volume

Question 17

Phytonutrients

-mneumonic?
-Significance
-Sources
-Deficit/ Excess/ Toxic
-EXPECTED & NC (if any)

Answer 17

“Think P as in plants, green plants”

Occurs naturally in plants and serves as antioxidants, stimulates immune, and promote hormone balance
- found in fruits and veggies, green tea, legumes, whole grains, broccoli

Question 18

How do you admin IM iron?

Answer 18

Z-Track

Question 19

What can decrease absorption of Iron?

Answer 19

Dairy & antacids

Question 20

Zinc

-Significance
-Sources
-Deficit/ Excess/ Toxic
-EXPECTED & NC (if any)

Answer 20

For immune function

-Nuts, oysters, red meat, poultry, seafood, fortified cereals, beans & whole grains