Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Metabolism Flashcards
What is BMR?
AKA Basal Energy Expenditure
-energy used in 24hrs of involuntary activities in body (breathing, etc)
-Determines while at rest, following a 12 hr fast
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
Calories need for involuntary activities in body at rest
Does not reconsider 12 hr fast
What function test can be used as indirect measure of BMR?
Thyroid Function
What is the major concern during acute stress- considering metabolism?
How to prevent?
Protein deficiency as stress breaks down protein rapidly
-increase protein more than 2g/kg or up to 25% of total calories, depending on age & prior nutritional status
Dietary reconsideration for catabolic illnesses (surgery, extensive burns)
Increase calories to meet demands of increased BMR
What can increase BMR
“Think stress in body”
-Lean muscular body
-Exposure to extreme temp
-catabolic illness (surgery, extensive burns)
-Stress
-Rapid growth
-Pregnancy/ lactation
What can decrease BMR
Short/ overweight body
Starvation/ malnutrition
Loss of lean body mass
What can increase metabolism
“Think how body has to work harder to repair”
Fever
Tremors
Hyperthyroidism
Cancer
Cardiac Failure
Burns
Surgery/ wound healing
HIV/AIDS
What medications can increase BMR
“LEE”
Levothyroxine
Epinephrine
Ephedrine Sulfate
What can dec. BMR?
“Think of fat godfather MOB”
Muscle relaxant
Opioids
Barbituates
What does nitrogen balance indicate?
Tissue Integrity
Positive Nitrogen Balance
Nitrogen Intake > Excretion
-body builds more tissue than breakdown
-Ex: lactation, periods of growth, pregnancy
Negative Nitrogen Balance
Excretion > Intake
-Insufficient protein and tissue breakdown occuring more than building
Ex: periods of illness, trauma, aging, malnutrition
LABS for Nitrogen Balance
Albumin, Transferrin, Glucose, Creatinine
Clinical Manifestation of Malnutrition
Pitting edema (hypernatremia)
Hair loss (lack of perfusion)
Wasted Appearance
