Nutrition, Diet & Body Weight Flashcards
(30 cards)
Name the four types of metabolism provided by the body
Detoxification
Biosynthetic Pathways
Oxidative Pathways
Fuel storage and Mobilisation Pathways
What is the function of the oxidative metabolic pathway?
To convert food into energy
What is the function of the fuel storage and mobilisation pathways?
To store fat and glycogen in the liver and in muscle and allow mobilisation of these stores when demand increases
What is the function of the biosynthesis pathway?
To produce basic building blocks for cells
What is the function of the detoxification pathways?
To remove toxins for excretion
What is mean by catabolic processes?
The break down of molecules to RELEASE energy in the form of reducing power
What are anabolic processes?
Processes that USE energy and raw materials to make larger molecules for growth and maintenance
The commonly used term “calorie” has what actual value?
1000 calories (1Kcal)
How much energy in kilojoules does 1 kilocalorie have?
1kcal= 4.2 kJ
What is starch? How would you describe the structure of starch?
“Carbohydrate storage in plants”
A polysaccharide of glucose linked by alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds
What is sucrose? What is it made up of?
“Table sugar”
A disaccharide made up of GLUCOSE and FRUCTOSE
What is Lactose? What is it made up of?
“Milk sugar”
A disaccharide made up of GALACTOSE and GLUCOSE
What is Fructose?
What is the structure of Fructose?
“Fruit sugar”
A monosaccharide
Describe the structure of glucose
Glucose is a 6 carbon monosaccharide
What is maltose made up of?
Maltose is a disaccharide of glucose + glucose
What is glycogen?
What is the structure of glycogen?
The major source of glucose in the human body
A polysaccharide of glucose linked by mostly alpha1-4 glycosidic bonds
What is Cellulose?
Describe the structure of cellulose and an important feature of it in humans
A dietary fibre found in cereal food
Starch is a polysaccharide of glucose linked by BETA1-4 glycosidic bonds
Humans do not produce the enzyme required to break these bonds but is important for normal function of the GI tract
How many essential amino acids are there? Can you name them?
9
Isoleucine, Lysine, Threonine, Histidine, Leucine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Valine
Which out of fat, carbohydrate and protein yields the most energy? Why?
Fats, because they contain much less oxygen (they are more reduced) and so yield more energy when they are oxidised
How would you calculate Daily Energy Expenditure?
Basal Metabolic Rate + Diet-Induced Thermogenesis + Physical Activity Level
What is the Basal Metabolic Rate?
The energy required to maintain the resting activities of the body i.e. Function of organs, maintenance of cells/body temperature/ basal muscle tone
How do you calculate BMI?
What are the units?
BMI= Weight (kg) / Height (m^2)
Units are: kg/m^2
What are the current categories of weight with their corresponding BMI values?
Underweight= <18.5 Desirable Weight= 18.5- 24.9 Overweight= 25-29.9 Obese= 30-34.9 Severely Obese= >35
How is distribution of body fat clinically important?
Having a greater proportion of fat in the upper body, especially the abdomen, compared with the hips is associated with increased risk of:
Insulin resistance, TII diabetes, Hypertension, Hyperlipidaemia, Stroke, Premature death
