Nutrition, Diet And Body Weight (S1L1)

Question 1

“The capacity to do work” defines what?

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

What form of energy do cells use to to drive energy requiring activities?

Answer 2

Chemical bond energy

Question 3

What is the unit of food energy?

Answer 3

Kilojoule (kJ)

Question 4

What does calorie mean in everyday use?

Answer 4

Kilocalorie

Question 5

1 kcal = how many Kilojoules?

Answer 5

4.2

Question 6

List the essential components of the diet

Answer 6

Carbohydrate, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, water, fibre

Question 7

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 7

(CH2O)n

Question 8

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 8

A single sugar unit

Question 9

How many carbon atoms does glucose have?

Answer 9

6

Question 10

Give examples of major dietary carbohydrates

Answer 10

Starch, sucrose, lactose, fructose, glucose, maltose, glycogen

Question 11

What is glycogen a polymer of?

Answer 11

Glucose

Question 12

Lactose is a milk sugar. It is a disaccharide composed of what?

Answer 12

Galactose-Glucose

Question 13

Is sucrose a glucose-fructose disaccharide?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

What does digestion do?

Answer 14

Converts larger carbohydrates to monosaccharides which are absorbed into the blood.

Question 15

There are 30 different amino acids used for protein synthesis in the body. True or false?

Answer 15

False- there are 20

Question 16

What does “essential amino acid” mean?

Answer 16

They cannot be synthesised by the body, so must be obtained from diet

Question 17

Certain amino acids are conditionally essential. What does this mean?

Answer 17

They are needed during periods of rapid growth

Question 18

There are 9 essential amino acids. What are they? (If Learned, This, Huge, List, May, Prove, Truly, Valuable)

Answer 18

Isoleucine, Lysine, Threonine, Histidine, Leucine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Valine

Question 19

Why are proteins of animal origin considered higher quality than those of plant origin?

Answer 19

They contain all essential amino acids. Those of plant origin are usually deficient in one or more essential aas

Question 20

What are lipids composed of?

Answer 20

Triacylglycerols - 3 fatty acids esterified to one glycerol

Question 21

What is a key feature of saturated fats?

Answer 21

No double bonds

Question 22

Does fat yield more or less energy in comparison to carbs when oxidised?

Answer 22

More

Question 23

Fat is required for absorption of what vitamins from the gut?

Answer 23

A, D, E and K

Question 24

What minerals are electrolytes that establish ion gradients across membranes?

Answer 24

Sodium, Potassium and Chloride

Question 25

What are the vitamins B12 and folate needed for?

Answer 25

DNA synthesis

Question 26

Deficiency in vitamin C can lead to what?

Answer 26

Scurvy

Question 27

Niacin deficiency can lead to the 3 D's. What are they?

Answer 27

Dementia, dermatitis, diarrhoea

Question 28

Dietary fibre can be found in what types of food?

Answer 28

Cereal foods- bread, beans, fruit, veg

Question 29

Like starch and glycogen, cellulose is a polymer of what?

Answer 29

Glucose

Question 30

Why can't cellulose be broken down by humans?

Answer 30

We do not have the required enzymes to break down the beta-1,4 linkages in cellulose

Question 31

Fibre is required for the functioning of what?

Answer 31

GI tract

Question 32

Low fibre intake is associated with what?

Answer 32

Constipation and bowel cancer

Question 33

High fibre diet can reduce or increase cholesterol?

Answer 33

Reduce

Question 34

What are Dietary Reference Values (DRVs)?

Answer 34

Estimates of the amount of energy and nutrients needed by different groups of healthy UK population

Question 35

The Reference Nutrient Intake (RNI) is used for protein, vitamins and minerals. True or false?

Answer 35

True

Question 36

The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is used for what?

Answer 36

Energy

Question 37

Nutrient requirements depend on 3 main things. What are they?

Answer 37

Age, gender and level of physical activity

Question 38

What is the daily energy expenditure of a 70kg adult male?

Answer 38

approx 12,000 kJ/day

Question 39

What is the daily energy expenditure of a 58kg adult female?

Answer 39

approx 9,500 kJ/day

Question 40

Basal metabolic rate maintains...

Answer 40

resting activities of the body

Question 41

Daily energy expenditure is the sum of what?

Answer 41

Basal metabolic rate, diet- induced thermogenesis, physical activity level

Question 42

Long term energy stores are found in what tissue type?

Answer 42

adipose, approx 40 days worth

Question 43

Under extreme conditions, what can be converted to energy?

Answer 43

Muscle proteins

Question 44

Define obesity

Answer 44

The excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue which impairs health

Question 45

What is the equation for BMI?

Answer 45

Weight (kg) / height^2 (m^2)

Question 46

Underweight BMI?

Answer 46

M and F < 18.5

Question 47

Desirable weight BMI?

Answer 47

M and F 18.5 - 24.9

Question 48

Overweight BMI?

Answer 48

M and F 25 - 29.9

Question 49

Obese BMI?

Answer 49

M and F 30 - 34.9

Question 50

Severely obese BMI?

Answer 50

M and F > 35

Question 51

What is malnutrition?

Answer 51

Damage from a low energy intake. Including deficiency diseases of other nutrients.

Question 52

What is kwashiorkor?

Answer 52

Oedema that occurs particularly in the abdomen, due to low protein such as albumin in the blood