Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Nutrition (Biomolecules) > Flashcards

Nutrition (Biomolecules) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does nutrition evolve?

A

Nutrition evolves obtaining of food to provide energy and materials needed for organisms to grow and repair their tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

They transform simple substances into more complex one using photosynthesis. Plants or animals?

A

Plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Plants also need other substances to form complex compounds, like minerals. What are these often called?

A

They are often called plant nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do animals obtain their nutrients?

A

They obtain their nutrients by eating plants and other animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Animals need seven different nutrients for a balanced diet - Name them

A

They need:
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Fibre
- Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do Carbohydrates contain?

A

They contain Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This group of nutrients includes sugars and starches (Carbohydrates) - Whats it called?

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Glucose?

A

Glucose is a simple carbohydrate produced in the photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are Sucrose, Maltose and Lactose composed of?

A

Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose are complex sugars, composed of two simple carbohydrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are more complex carbohydrates built?

A

They are built by adding more and more simple carbohydrates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Glycogen, and what is it made of?

A

Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate that animals use to store energy, also made by many glucose molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do plants store starch as? And how is it made?

A

Plants store starch as energy store.
They are made by enzymes that join together many glucose molecules.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In opposition to sugars, starch and glycogen do not _____ in water and have no ______ taste

A

In opposition to sugars, starch and glycogen do not dissolve in water, and have no sugar taste.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do proteins contain?

A

Proteins are complex molecules that contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and some also contain Nitrogen (N) and Sulfur (S)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are proteins and what are they made from?

A

Proteins are long-chain molecules made from small molecules called amino acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many different types of amino acids are there?

A

There are 20 different types

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is the type of protein determined?

A

The sequence of amino acids in the chain determines the type of protein.

18
Q

Some can and can’t dissolve in water. Name a few examples of which can dissolve in water, and which can’t?

A

Haemoglobin, enzymes and hormones can dissolve in water.
Keratin can not dissolve in water.

19
Q

What are fats and oils composed of?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

20
Q

What is every molecule made of?

A

Every molecule is made of a Glycerol molecule, and three fatty acids.

21
Q

What are Fats used for?

A

Fats are used for energy storage and thermal insulation of the body.

22
Q

Chemical tests for nutrients

A

Simple chemical tests can be used to identify the presence of starch, sugars, proteins and fats.

23
Q

What is used to test for Starch? What colour does it turn to show a positive result?

A

Iodine solution.
Turns blue/black to indicate the presence of starch.

24
Q

What is used to test for Reducing sugars? What colour does it turn to show a positive result?

A

Benedict’s solution.
Turns orange.

25
Q

What is used to test for Protein? What colour does it turn to show a positive result?

A

Biuret solution
Turns Purple/ Violet colour

26
Q

What is used to test for Fat? What colour does it turn to show a positive result?

A

Ethanol
White emulsion

27
Q

How do you test for starch?

A

Half fill a test-tube with the food extract you wish to test starch for.
Add two or three drops of iodine solution. (Usually looks yellow or light brown).
A positive result for starch is it the solution turns black or blue.

28
Q

How you test for reducing sugars?

A

Put a known volume of the extract you wish to test in a test-tube.
Place the beaker on a heat-proof mat.
Carefully fill the beaker with boiling water from a kettle.
Add the same volume of benedict’s solution to the test-tube containing the food extract and put it into the hot water.
Benedict’s solution is bright blue. A positive test is when it turn Red or Orange.

You can also use Benedict’s solution to test how much simple sugar is present. If the colour changes to green, the extract contains a little of the reducing sugars. If the extract turns a deep orange colour then it contains a lot of reducing sugars.

29
Q

How do you test for protein?

A

Half fill a test-tube with the extract you wish to test for protein.
Add five to six drops of biuret solution. (usually looks blue)
A positive test is if the solution turns purple/Violet.

30
Q

How do you test for fats?

A

Chop up or grind a small amount of material you want to test.
Put the extract into a test-tube and add ethanol to cover it.
Put a stopper over the test-tube and shake it.
Add some distilled water to make the test-tube half full.
Shake it once more.
A white emulsion means its positive for fats.

31
Q

What are the sources of carbohydrates and what’s the function of them

A

Sources:
- Rice, Potato, Wheat, Sugar
Function:
-Provides energy

32
Q

What are the sources of Fats and the function of fats?

A

Sources:
-Butter, Ghee, Milk, Cheese
Function:
-Gives more energy compared to carbohydrates.

33
Q

What are the sources of Vitamins and Minerals, and whats the function of them?

A

Sources:
-Fruits and Vegetables
Function:
-Required for normal growth and development.

34
Q

What are the sources of proteins and whats the function of them?

A

Sources:
-Milk, eggs, meat, fish, soybean

35
Q

What are the sources of water, and the function of them?

A

Sources:
-Water, fruits and vegetables.
Function:
-Helps in digestion

36
Q

What are the sources of Roughage (fibres) and the function of them?

A

Sources:
-Green leafy vegetables, cucumber
Function:
-To get rid of undigested food.

37
Q

What are the sources of Vitamin C, the use in the body, and the deficiency symptoms?

A

Sources:
-Orange, Lemons, and other citrus fruits
Use in body:
-tissues repair, and resistance to disease.
Deficiency symptoms:
-Bleeding gums (Scurvy)

38
Q

What are the sources of Vitamin D, the use in the body, and the deficiency symptoms?

A

Sources:
-Fish oil, milk, butter, sunlight
Use in body:
-Strengthens bones and teeth.
Deficiency symptoms:
-Soft bones, Legs bow outwards (Rickets)

39
Q

What are the sources of Iron, the use in the body, and the deficiency symptoms?

A

Sources:
-Liver, meat, cocoa, eggs
Use in body:
-Used in formation of haemoglobin in red blood cells for transport of oxygen
Deficiency symptoms:
-Tiredness, lack of energy (anaemia)

40
Q

What are the sources of Calcium, the use in the body, and the deficiency symptoms?

A

Sources:
-Milk, fish, green vegetables
Use in body:
-Strengthens bones and teeth
Deficiency symptoms:
-Weak, brittle bones and teeth (rickets), muscle weakness and cramps.

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions