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Biology > Animal Nutrition > Flashcards

Animal Nutrition Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Nutrient?

A

A substance in food that benefits the body

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2
Q

What are the 7 things a balanced diet should contain?

A

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water, and Fibre

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3
Q

What are the three basic functions each nutrient carries out?

A

-Provide energy
-Allow growth and repair
-Regulate metabolism

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4
Q

Which nutrient(s) provide energy?

A

Carbohydrates and Fats

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5
Q

Which nutrient(s) allow growth and repair?

A

Proteins

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6
Q

Which nutrient(s) regulate metabolism?

A

Vitamins and Minerals

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7
Q

What is Basal metabolic rate?

A

Basal metabolic rate is the energy required to maintain vital functions.

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8
Q

What does fat provide us?

A

Fat provides us with lots of energy

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9
Q

What are the two different types of fat?

A

Saturated and Unsaturated

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10
Q

Where do we get saturated fat from?

A

Most animals

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11
Q

Where do we get unsaturated fat from?

A

Fish and plants

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12
Q

What does Saturated fat do?

A

Saturated fats increase the level if cholesterol in our veins and arteries, narrowing or even blocking them

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13
Q

What does Unsaturated fat do?

A

Unsaturated fats maintain or even decrease the presence of cholesterol in our veins and arteries.

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14
Q

What is energy intake?

A

Energy that we get in our bodies every day

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15
Q

What is energy output?

A

The energy our body consumes in a day

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16
Q

What happens if we intake more energy than we output?

A

It gets stored as fat

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17
Q

What happens if a lot of fat is stored?

A

We can become obese

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18
Q

How do you calculate the Body Mass Index? And what is the number for underweight, fine, overweight, and obese?

A
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19
Q

What are the 5 causes of obesity?

A

High intake of fatty foods and refined sugars
Too little physical activity
Social and emotional stress
Hormonal disease
Genetic condition

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20
Q

What are 3 ways to lose weight?

A

Eat less high-energy foods
Take more exercise
Have a target weight

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21
Q

Are fibres important in a balanced diet?

A

Fibres are important, but we do not digest them. Fibres help regulate our digestive system, avoiding constipation.

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22
Q

When does starvation happen?

A

Starvation happens when the body is not having the amount of nutrients needed per day.

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23
Q

What is the most common form of undernutrition?

A

The most common form of undernutrition is Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM)

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Kwashiorkor?

A

Thin and brittle hair
Moon face
Bulging abdomen (ascites)

25
Q

What are the symptoms of Marasmus?

A

Thin and brittle hair
Simian faces
Loss of muscle mass

26
Q

read

A
27
Q

Taking substances (food and drink) into the body through the mouth is called?

A

Ingestion

28
Q

What is digestion?

A

Breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules so that they can pass through the gut wall into the blood.

29
Q

What is absorption

A

Movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood.

30
Q

Movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body is called?

A

Assimilation

31
Q

What is Egestion?

A

Expelling out food that has not been digested or absorbed as faeces through the anus

32
Q

Breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules so that they can pass through the gut wall into the blood is called?

A

Digestion

33
Q

Ingestion

A
34
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Mechanical digestion and Chemical digestion.

35
Q

What is Mechanical digestion?

A

Breaks apart larges pieces of food, but do not change the food molecules.

36
Q

What is Chemical digestion?

A

Breaks apart larger molecules of food into smaller ones through enzymes

37
Q

Three main types of enzymes in our digestion process

A
38
Q

How many teeth do adult humans have?

A

32 teeth

39
Q

What do teeth do?

A

They chew food, breaking it into smaller pieces, increasing surface area, so digestive enzymes can work better.

40
Q
A
41
Q

What is the Oesophagus?

A

pipe-like with circular and longitudinal muscles that promote peristalsis (contractions)

42
Q

What is a muscular bag that can stetch to accommodate food. Its walls produce gastric juice with enzymes to degrade molecules like proteins- Pepsin?

A

The stomach

43
Q

What does the stomach produce to kill bacteria in food?

A

It produces Hydrochloric acid

44
Q

After 2 to 3 hours, the chyme is formed and the pyloric sphincter opens to the duodenum. What is the duodenum?

A

The first intestine portion

45
Q

How long is the small intestine?

A

6 meters

46
Q

How does the pancreas produce the pancreatic juice?

A

With enzymes such as amylase, trypsin, and lipase

47
Q

Where is the bile produced and stored?

A

Produced in the liver, and stored in the gall bladder

48
Q

What does bile do?

A

Lowers the pH of the chyme preparing it for the small intestine. Bile also emulsifies fats.

49
Q

How are the pancreas and liver connect to the duodenum?

A

By the pancreatic duct and the bile duct

50
Q

Where does absorption take place?

A

In the small intestine

51
Q

How is the small intestine adapted for this function?

A

It has a large surface area and a thin lining that is only one cell thin.

52
Q

What are the small intestine walls made of?

A

They’re made of villi, that maximizes absorption area.

53
Q

What is the large intestine formed by?

A

The caecum, the appendix, the colon and the rectum.

54
Q

What organ has important function in assimilation?

A

The liver

55
Q

What are the 5 thins the liver does in assimilation?

A

-Stores glucose by removing it from the blood and storing it as glycogen.
-Uses amino acids to make proteins.
-Breaks down amino acid excess.
-Converts fatty acids and glycerol into fat.
-Produces cholesterol.

56
Q

What quickly transports food molecules to the liver?

A

the Hepatic portal vein

57
Q

Look

A

Biology (6 decks)

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