Nutrition And The NHPAs

Question 1

What NHPAs are affected when carbohydrates are consumed in eccess?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates when consumed in excess contribute energy to the diet, therefore leading to weight gain, increasing the likelihood of obesity, diabetes Mellitus, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer.

Question 2

What is fibre and what are three of its food sources?

Answer 2

Fibre is a nutrient and its main function is to regulate the functioning of the digestive system. Three food sources of fibre include:

• Bran flake cereal
• Wholemeal bread
• Baked beans

Question 3

What effects does fibre have on the NHPAs when adequately consumed?

Answer 3

Fibre increases feelings of fullness, which can reduce overeating, obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes Mellitus. Fibre also assists in moving digested food down the digestive tract and decreases constipation, decreasing colorectal cancer.

Question 4

What is protein and what are three of its food sources?

Answer 4

Protein is considered to be a macro nutrient. Its main function is to promote growth, maintenance, and repair of body cells. It also is used as fuel for energy, contributing 17 kj per gram.
Three food sources are:
-Eggs
-Nuts
-Milk

Question 5

What effects can protein have on the NHPAs when consumed in excess?

Answer 5

When consumed in excess, protein contributes energy to the diet, increasing weight gain, and therefore increases the likelihood of obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes Mellitus. Excess protein additionally can increase the loss of calcium from bones, which increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 6

What are fats?

Answer 6

Fats are a macronutrient and their main function is to provide fuel for energy. One gram provides 37kj of energy. Fats are broken into four groups:

• Monounsaturated
• Polyunsaturated
• Saturated
• Trans

Question 7

What are three food sources of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 7

Mono:

• Olive oil
• Avocado
• Nuts

Poly:

• Fish
• Nuts
• Corn

Question 8

What are three food sources of trans and saturated fats?

Answer 8

Trans:

• Pies
• Margarines
• Cake

Saturated:

• Coconut milk
• Full cream milk
• Most fried takeaway food

Question 9

How do fats act as risk factors to the NHPAs?

Answer 9

When consumed in excess, can contribute energy to the diet, increasing weight gain and likelihood of weight gain, obesity, diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular disease.

Question 10

How do monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats act as protective nutrients to the NHPAs?

Answer 10

The two fats both reduce the levels of LDL cholesterol in the body, which reduces the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, the two also may decrease the impact of impaired glucose regulation and reduce the risk of diabetes Mellitus.

Question 11

How does water act as a protective factor against the NHPAs?

Answer 11

Water contributes no energy or kilojoules, so it can reduce the risk of obesity and associated conditions, including obesity, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. It is also absorbed by fibre and assists in flushing waste, which may decrease the risk of colorectal cancer.

Question 12

What is calcium and what are three of its food sources?

Answer 12

Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is mostly (99%) stored in the bones and its most important role is as a hardening or ossifying agent for hard tissue such as teeth, bones and cartilage. 
Three food sources are:
-Fortified soy milk
-Fortified orange juice
-Broccoli

Question 13

What are carbohydrates, and what are three of its major food sources?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates are considered to be a macronutrient as it is needed in large quantities each day. Its main function is to provide fuel for energy. One gram provides 16 kilojoules of energy. Three main food sources include:

• Beans
• Corn
• Pasta

Question 14

How is calcium used as a protective factor for the NHPAs?

Answer 14

Calcium acts as a hardening agent for the mineralisation of bones, which increases bone mass and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 15

What is phosphorus and what are three of its food sources?

Answer 15

Phosphorus is a nutrient that is mainly used to work with calcium to harden bones and teeth. The two bind together and become calcium phosphate, which is the ossifying agent for tissue. 
Three of its food sources:
-Eggs
-Fish
-Nuts

Question 16

How can phosphorus act as a protective factor towards the NHPAs?

Answer 16

It works with calcium and becomes calcium phosphate, a hardening agent for bones and tissue, which increases bone mass and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.

Question 17

What happens if phosphorus is deficient?

Answer 17

This would could loss of bone density, weakness and poor appetite.

Question 18

What is sodium and what are three of its food sources?

Answer 18

Sodium is an important mineral which plays a role in the regulation of fluids in the body, including water and blood. Fluid is drawn to sodium, so the amount of sodium in the blood influences the amount of fluid that stays in the cells.
Three of its major food sources:
-Table salt
-Olives
-Fish

Question 19

How is sodium a risk factor to the NHPAs?

Answer 19

Sodium can increase blood volume and contribute to hypertension as a result, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. Excess sodium causes calcium to be excreted in urine, which can decrease bone density and contribute to osteoporosis.

Question 20

What is vitamin D and what are three sources?

Answer 20

Vitamin D is required for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine into the bloodstream.
Three sources of vitamin D include:
-Beef liver
-Cheese
-Egg yolks

Question 21

How can lack of vitamin D affect the NHPAs?

Answer 21

If vitamin D is deficient, calcium and phosphorus will not be absorbed into the bloodstream, resulting in weaker bones and teeth.

Question 22

How is vitamin D a protective nutrient for the NHPAs?

Answer 22

It is required for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus from the intestine into the bloodstream, which increases bone density and decreases the risk of osteoporosis.