Exam Revision Flashcards
Define direct costs and indirect costs
Direct cost: Costs associated with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease and disability.
Indirect cost: Costs not directly related not directly related to diagnosis and treatment of the disease, but occur as a result of the person having the disease.
Define disability adjusted life years
DALYs are a measure of burden of disease, in which one DALY is indicative of one year of healthy life lost to time spent living with illness or disease, or premature death.
Define obesity
Obesity relates to carrying excess body weight in the form of fat that can have negative impacts on health. It is defined as having a BMI of 30 or higher for adults.
Explain the ‘Efficient’ value of the health care system.
- An efficient health care system is one that can achieve desired outcomes with cost-effective use of resources.
- Resources must be used in the best way possible to achieve maximum benefits to the community.
What are the five Australian Dietary guidelines (Word for word)
- To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, by physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs.
- Enjoy a wide variety of foods from each of the five food groups everyday.
- Limit intake of foods containing saturated fats, added sugars, added salts and alcohol.
- Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
- Care for your food; prepare and store it safely.
What are two local government and two state government responsibilities?
Local: Health inspections at restaurants, water quality testing
State: Ambulance services, public hospital services
What are the five aspects of the VicHealth mission?
- In partnership with others, promote good health
- Recognise that the social and economic conditions for all people influence their health.
- Promote fairness and opportunity for better health.
- Support fairness that assist individuals, communities, workplaces and broader society to improve their wellbeing.
- Seek to prevent chronic conditions for all Victorians.
What are the strategic priorities of VicHealth?
- Promote healthy eating
- Encourage regular physical activity
- Prevent tobacco use
- Promote harm from alcohol
- Improve mental wellbeing
What the action areas of the Ottawa charter for health promotion?
Build a healthy public policy Create supportive environments Strengthen community action Develop personal skills Reorient health services
What is the benefit of non-government organisations?
NGOs provide aid directly to people in developing countries, and works very closely with communities to ensure sustainability after the project has been completed.
What are the values that underpin the Australian health system?
Safe Efficient Effective Continuous Accessible Responsive Sustainable
What public health services are not covered by Medicare?
Private hospital treatment and ambulance services.
Why have the Australian dietary guidelines been developed?
- To reduce the risk of Australians developing diet-related diseases such as hypertension or diabetes.
- To develop healthy dietary patterns that will promote health and wellbeing in the community.
Define emergency aid
Refers to the rapid assistance given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and after man-made emergencies such and natural disasters.
What are WHO’s six priorities?
- Universal health coverage
- Health-related millennium development goals
- Non-communicable diseases
- International health regulations
- Increase access to medical products
- Social, economic and environmental determinants
Describe the Human Development Index
- A tool developed by the UN to rank and measure countries’ levels of social and economic development.
- Comprises of a single statistic based on three dimensions: health, education, and living standards.
- 4 indicators of these dimensions: Life expectancy at birth, expected years of schooling, mean years of schooling, and gross national income per capita.
Define private health insurance
Private health insurance is an optional type of insurance in which members pay a premium in return for payment towards health-related costs that are not covered by Medicare.
What are some characteristics of a developed country?
- Low rates of poverty
- High levels of gender equality
- Adequate housing
- High gross national income
Define osteoporosis
Refers to a disease where bone density starts deteriorating, leaving the bones porous, and as result more prone to fracture. Commonly occurs in the spine, hip and wrist.
Why does the Australian government conduct nutrition surveys?
- To assess changes in dietary habits nutritional status over time to allow comparison with future surveys.
- To assist with setting health-related goals to provide a basis for new nutrition guidelines and promotion strategies.
Define cancer
Cancer is a general term for a number of different conditions where the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells threatens to damage other parts of the body, as abnormal cells develop into malignant tumours.
