Australian And International Aid Agencies Flashcards
Define aid
Assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis or for the development of long-term sustainable improvements.
Describe humanitarian aid.
- Refers to the rapid assistance that is given to people or countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering, during and after man-made emergencies or natural disasters.
- Aims to keep people alive
- Not a permanent solution, a “band aid” fix
- Doesn’t address the underlying causes of poverty
- May take the form of food, medicines or shelter, or it could involve personnel, such as health workers, doctors or emergency workers from other countries or aid organisations.
Describe bilateral aid.
- The provision of aid from the government of one country to the government of another country.
- Two governments working together
- Involves bringing programs and health promotion messages to another country -> advance sustainable human development.
- Makes up the largest part of aid that a country receives
- Funds are often spent on infrastructure
Describe multilateral aid
- Where aid is provided through an international organisation, such as World Bank, United Nations, or WHO.
- Multilateral aid combines donations from a number of countries and then distributes them to the recipient.
- Governments give money to international organisations which in turn fund programs to improve health in developing countries and lower poverty.
- Has the potential to reach many people, active in many parts of the world
Describe Non-Government Organisations
- NGOs take a different approach to aid, including specific projects or programs, emergency aid, volunteering, education and development.
- Often focuses on communities
- Usually voluntary, not-for-profit
- Often rely on donations from individuals, communities, government
- Improves H & SHD by working directly with communities to target specific concerns which pose a threat to health.
Define sustainability
The ability to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Describe the United Nations
- A governing body - but is not the government
- Involved in multilateral aid- 192 countries signed up
- Purpose: To bring all nations of the world together to work for peace and development, based on the principles of justice, human dignity and the wellbeing of all people.
What are the UN’s four action areas?
- Promote international peace and security
- Promote human rights
- Provide humanitarian assistance
- Promote social and economic development
Discuss world peace and security (un)
- UN Working to represent peace and security
- Represents the central purpose of the UN
- Tries to prevent war and conflict through conflict prevention, peace making, peace keeping and peace building
- Doesn’t have its own military force, uses member states
- The UN-> rebuilds education, health and government services/resources impacted by conflict
- Development assistance: A key element in peace building -> Long lasting peace
Discuss human rights (UN)
- Rights include:
- Life, liberty, and security,
- freedom of thought, conscience, religion
- Education, decent life, enough resources etc.
- The UN works to promote the human rights and to assist governments carrying out their responsibilities to uphold their rights
- Human rights are inherent in all of their work as they are central to the health and wellbeing of people.
Discuss social and economic development (UN)
- Key aim: Promotion of…
1. Higher living standards
2. Full employment
3. Conditions of economic and social development/progress - Thus the UN aim to eradicate poverty/improve the wellbeing of all people.
- Works to identify solutions to international economic problems, facilitate international, cultural and educational cooperation, and encouraging universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms
Discuss how the UN provides humanitarian assistance
- Since WW2-> Major provider of emergency relief and long-term assistance.
- UN- often the first agency to offer Humanitarian Assistance to victims of disasters, especially to children, women and the elderly.
- Food, water, shelter, medicines etc. are provided
- Often very difficult to deliver aid due to conditions such as conflict and terrain.
What are the six core functions of WHO?
- Advancing universal health coverage
- Health-Relates Millennium Development Goals
- Addressing the challenge of Non-Communicable diseases and Mental Health, Violence, Injuries and Disabilities
- Implementing the Provisions of the International Health Regulations
- Increasing Access to Essential, High-Quality, Effective and Affordable Medical Products
6 . Addressing the Social, Economic and Environmental Determinants
What is World Vision?
- World Vision is a Christian development organisation that works with all people, regardless of their religion, ethnicity or gender through:
- Community development
- Humanitarian and Emergency Relief
- Tackling injustice through policy change, education and advocacy
Describe World Vision’s community development
-Community development: Works amongst poor communities to find solutions to problems, such as malnutrition, lack of knowledge, safe drinking water, unemployment, incomes etc. These include maternal, newborn and child health programs, agriculture cooperatives, water and sanitation projects, and income generating projects.