Nutrition and Sensory Deficits Flashcards
Why is Nutrition Important?
Provides energy for daily activities.
Maintains bodily functions and overall health.
Promotes growth, repair, and general well-being.
Prevents and helps in the treatment of diseases
what is Dysphagia
Difficulty Swallowing it can affect the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, or gastroesophageal junction
what causes Dysphagia
Stroke
Head injury
Dementia
Cerebral palsy
Multiple sclerosis
Cancer (e.g., esophageal cancer)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
Certain medications (e.g., antipsychotics)
Cleft lip or palate in infants
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
what is Enteral Nutrition
Nasogastric tube (NGT).
Can be administered intermittently, continuously, or as a bolus
benefits of Enteral Nutrition
Improved wound healing.
Reduced risk of pressure injuries.
Decreased infections.
Shorter hospital stays in certain patient groups
what is Parenteral Nutrition
Administered intravenously.
Used when enteral nutrition is contraindicated.
Can be partial (supplementary) or total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
how many people are affected by vision loss
Vision loss affects over 600,000 people in Australia and New Zealand combined
Common Vision Conditions in Older Adults
Uncorrected refractive errors.
Cataracts.
Glaucoma.
Macular degeneration.
Diabetic retinopathy.
what are Age-Related Changes to Vision
Drooping eyelids (ptosis).
Decreased tear production (dry eye syndrome).
Difficulty adapting to light and dark.
Enlargement of the lens, causing presbyopia.
Posterior vitreous detachment.
Formation of drusen (deposits in the retina).
how to Care for a Patient with Vision Impairment
Adapt communication to the patient’s needs
Identify yourself before touching the patient and notify when leaving
Speak at a normal volume
Reduce unnecessary noise in the environment
Promote the use of visual aids and clear labeling with large fonts and bright, contrasting colors
Encourage safety modifications in the home and healthcare environment.
Vision Assessment: Subjective Data
Ask about:
Pain, redness, or swelling.
Watering or discharge.
History of ocular issues (e.g., glaucoma, cataracts).
Use of glasses or contact lenses.
Impact of vision problems on daily life
Vision Assessment: Objective Data
Inspection: Examine the eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes, and eyes for symmetry, redness, discharge, and alignment
Visual Acuity Test:
Near vision test (e.g., reading from a book).
Visual field test (e.g., Snellen eye chart).
how many people does hearing affect
Hearing loss affects a significant portion of adults over 70, with 87% of males and 63% of females experiencing mild hearing loss
Types of Hearing Loss
Sensorineural
Conductive
Mixed
what is Sensorineural hearing loss
Sensorineural: Damage to the cochlea or neural pathways.
