Nutrition and Performance

Question 1

What is a calorie

Answer 1

The amount of energy to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree

Question 2

Carbohydrates

Answer 2

can be found in grains, vegetables and fruits
Simple sugars - monosaccharides, glucose
Disaccharides - Lactose, Maltose
Complex sugars - starch, glycogen, cellulose

Question 3

Protein

Answer 3

amino acids (complete and incomplete) 
used in hormones and enzymes 
cellular structure

Question 4

Fats

Answer 4

Saturated - present in animal meat, egg yolk, dairy. High intakes can lead to high cholesterol
Unsaturated - Helps remove clogged cholesterol in arteries examples are olive oils and corn oil
Compounds Fats - used in blood clotting and formation of nerve insulation

Question 5

Nutritional Aids

Answer 5

Readily available natural products and nutritional supplements 
Vitamins & minerals 
Protein and Amino Acids 
Carnitine 
Creatine 
Caffeine

Question 6

Pharmacological aids

Answer 6

Used for reasons such as muscle mass or quick recovery
Referred to as doping, gives athletes a competitive edge and could be harmful to health.
Pain-masking drugs
Anabolic steroids
Prohormones
Human Growth Hormone
Erythropoietin

Question 7

Physiological

Answer 7

Blood doping & drug masking (banned by most-sports-governing bodies)
Blood doping - blood is removed 6-8 weeks prior to event and the injected back into the body 7 days before event
Drug-masking - other drugs used to mask the presence of banned ones