Cardiovascular system/Respiratory system

Question 1

The route of blood

Answer 1

Inferior and Superior vena cava 
Right atrium 
Right ventricle 
Pulmonary semilunar valve 
Lungs 
Pulmonary veins 
Left atrium 
Bicuspid valve 
Left ventricle 
Aortic semilunar valve 
Aorta

Question 2

Cardiac Output (Q), Stroke Volume(SV), EF, Max HR

Answer 2

Q(L/min) = SV (mL) x HR (beats/min)
SV = LVEDV(mL) - LVESV (mL)
EF (%) = SV(mL)/LVEDV(mL)
Max HR = 220-age

Question 3

Systolic vs. Diastolic blood pressure

Answer 3

Systolic BP refers to maximum pressure observed in the arteries during the contraction phase of the ventricle (120)
Diastolic BP is the minimum pressure observed in the arteries during the relaxation phase of the ventricle (80)

Question 4

Myocardial & Cardiac Arrest

Answer 4

Occurs when blood stops flowing properly to a part of the heart, and the heart muscle is injured because it is not receiving enough oxygen.
A condition in which the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. If this happens, blood stops flowing to the brain and other vital organs.

Question 5

Electrocardiograms (ECG)

Answer 5

T-Wave - end of ventricular diastole, ventricles are charging for the next contraction
P-Wave - the beginning of ventricular systole
QRS - the end of systole & beginning of diastole

Question 6

What is ventilation formula

Answer 6

VE (L/min) = VT(L) x f (breaths/min)

normal = 0.5L (12 breaths)

Question 7

Gas exchange

Answer 7

The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream, and the elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs. It occurs in the lungs between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the walls of the alveoli.

Question 8

Chambers of the heart

Answer 8

4 hollow chambers 
Right Atrium 
Right Ventricle 
Left Atrium 
Left Ventricle