Nutrition and Nutrients Flashcards
What are Nutrients? What are they broken to?
- Components in food that an organism uses to survive and grow.
- They are broken into Macronutrients and Micronutrients.
What are Macronutrients?
- Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
- They are required in large amounts and provide the main energy and building blocks
What are Micronutrients?
- Vitamins and Minerals
- Essential in small amounts and provide the necessary cofactors for metabolism (control body processes)
What are essential nutrients?
- Cannot be synthesized by the body
- Must be included in the diet
Examples of essential nutrients
- Dietary minerals (ex. iron)
- Vitamins
- Essential fatty acids, required for processes
- Essential amino acids (9 out of 20 cannot be produced by our body) (lack of essential amino acids affect production of proteins)
Name the 4 Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids)
- Nucleic Acids
- Proteins (amino acids)
Who are the carbohydrates produced by?
plants
What are carbohydrates used for?
energy, structure, storage
What do carbohydrates always contain? In what ratio?
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen (1:2:1)
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Polysaccharides
What are the 3 Monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose and galactose
What are the 3 Disaccharides?
- sucrose (glucose and fructose)
- lactose (glucose and galactose)
- maltose (two glucose)
What are examples of Polysaccharides?
- cellulose
- starch
- glycogen (animal)
What is the formula for a trisaccharide?
C18 H32 O16
What is the formula for a pentasaccharide?
C30 H52 O26
What is the name of the bond between two sugar monomers?
glycosidic linkage
What is glucose used for in animals?
used to make ATP (cell resp)
What is lactose used for in animals?
sugar in milk (energy to newborns)