Nutrition and Immunity

Question 1

t/f the gut is the largest lymph organ in the body

Answer 1

true

Question 2

components of galt

Answer 2

mesenteric lymph nodes
isolated lymphoid follicles
peyer’s patches

Question 3

functions of the galt

Answer 3

• prevents passage of bacteria and food antigens from lumen through the epithelium
• secretes antibodies
• avoids overreaction to substances (oral tolerance) and no overreaction to food

1. determines whether antigen is friend or foe
2. initiates and sustains immune response

Question 4

risk of systemic illness

Answer 4

triggers -> gi flora disturbance / inflammation -> increased mucosal permeability -> translocation of antigens-> distant organs -> inflammation and systemic illness

Question 5

effects of malnutrition

Answer 5

• protein energy malnutrition
• micronutrient deficiency
• decreased proliferating t cells

Question 6

effects of obesity

Answer 6

• pro-inflammatory environment
• decreased lymphocyte proliferation
• decreased bactericidal capacity of macrophages

Question 7

role of fatty acids in immune cells

Answer 7

• energy
• components of cell membrane
• regulate gene expression (signaling)
• precursors for eicosanoids

Question 8

omega 3 vs omega 6

Answer 8

• high omega 3 pufa = excessive immune response

anTRI inflammatory = omega 3
6ro inflammatory = omega 6

Question 9

effects of vit a deficiency

Answer 9

• loss of mucosal epithelial barrier function
• impaired neutrophil and macrophage fn
• dec nk cell # and lytic activity
• diminished antibody response

can limit diarrhea by restoring intestinal integrity

Question 10

immune functions of vit d

Answer 10

• modulates cytokine secretion
• regulates production of canthelicidin
• links toll like receptor activation and antibacterial responses in innate immunity

Question 11

vit c and zinc

Answer 11

vit c: phagocytes function

zinc: needed for thymulin (promotes t cell functions)

Question 12

function of vit b6

Answer 12

synthesis and metabolism of aa = increasing protein synthesis during immune response

Question 13

phytochemicals improve __

Answer 13

nk cell activity

Question 14

carotenoids vs flavonoids

Answer 14

• carotenoids: anti-inflammatory

- flavonoids: immunosuppression

Question 15

microbiome

Answer 15

read

Question 16

what probiotics

Answer 16

• good bacteria that are same or similar to microbiome
• fermented food
• modulate innate and acquired immunity (strain and dose dependent)

Question 17

mechanisms of probiotics

Answer 17

• barrier effect (hostile to pathogenic bacteria)

- metabolic byproducts (inhibit growth of pathogenic bacteria)

Question 18

clinical importance of probiotics

Answer 18

for conditions caused by abnormal population of gut microbes and malfunction of immune system

Question 19

what are prebiotics

Answer 19

• non-digestible selectively fermentable food constituent that stimulates bacterial growth or activity in large intestines
• dietary fiber

Question 20

byproducts of bacterial fermentation in the gut

Answer 20

short chain fa

Question 21

benefits of short chain fa

Answer 21

• improve symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease

- reduce incidence of contact dermatitis in atopic infants