Molecular Therapy Flashcards
only totipotent cell
zygote
cells capable of forming all cells in the body except extraembryonic or placental cell
pluripotent cells: mesenchymal, endodermal, exodermal
cells that can differentiate into cells in a single cell lineage
multipotent (adult stem cells)
less potent cell lines with only few possible differentiation options available
oligopotent and unipotent
concerns about embryonic stem cells
- ethical issues due to source
- teratogenicity (accumulation of chromosomal mutations from multiple passages)
- chromosomally unstable = malignant transformation
how are escs obtained
from blastocyst or inner cell mass during 1st week of gestation
creating esc via somatic nuclear transfer
- remove nucleus of developing zygote and replace with adult donor cell
creating induced pluripotent stem cells
- inducing transcription factors from earlier stage
- uses protooncogenes
- less risk for tumor formation
function of mesenchymal stromal cells
- provide signals for growth and differentiation for resident stem cells (niches)
direct administration of mscs to target organ
- smaller number of cells needed
- dec immunogenicity
- invasive
- works via paracrine effect
systemic delivery homing of mscs
- via iv infusion
- provide immunomodulation
- less invasive with similar efficacy
- downside: pulmonary sequestration or in areas of inflammation (away from target organ)
stem cell therapy in cardiology
- engraftment approaches
- gene modification of existing scar tissue
effect of msc on mi
- decrease size of infarct
- improve myocyte contractility and lvef in porcine models (high doses)
- ecc shortening
stem cells in endo
hscs and mscs promote endogenous pancreatic islet cell regeneration (preserving or protecting islet cell)
types of cell based immunotherapy
- immune modulation with mscs
- cancer immunotherapy