Nutrition and Energy Balance

Question 1

What is nutrition?

Answer 1

Nutrition is the intake of food, considered in relation to the body’s dietary needs.

Question 2

What is malnutrition?

Answer 2

Malnutrition is when a person’s diet does not provide enough nutrients or the right balance of nutrients for good health.

Question 3

What are the 6 nutrients which are essential to survival?

Answer 3

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Vitamins
Minerals
Water

Question 4

What’s the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients?

Answer 4

Macronutrients are nutrients needed in large quantities, whereas micronutrients are equally important but consumed in very small amounts.

Question 5

What is the energy content of carbohydrates?

Answer 5

4 kcal/g

Question 6

What is the energy content of fats?

Answer 6

9 kcal/g

Question 7

What is the energy content of proteins?

Answer 7

4 kcal/g

Question 8

What is the thermic effect of food?

Answer 8

The amount of energy it takes for your body to digest, absorb, and metabolise the food you eat.

Question 9

What are the 3 categories of energy expenditure?

Answer 9

1. Basal metabolism
2. Thermic effect of food
3. Physical activities

Question 10

What are some factors which affect BMR?

Answer 10

Size (height and weight)
Body composition
Age
Climate 
Hormones
Illness 
Drugs

Question 11

In what way does size affect BMR?

Answer 11

Metabolic rate increases as surface area increases.

Question 12

In what way does body composition affect BMR?

Answer 12

Fat tissue has lower metabolic activity than muscle tissue - as lean muscle mass increases, metabolic rate increases.

Question 13

What is Sarcopenia?

Answer 13

A degenerative skeletal muscle disorder involving the accelerated loss of muscle mass and function.

Question 14

What is the storage molecule of carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Glycogen

Question 15

What is the storage molecule of fats?

Answer 15

Triglycerides

Question 16

What are the hour intervals for the fed, fasting, and starved state?

Answer 16

Fed state (0-4 hours after food)
Fasting state (4-12 hours after food)
Starving state (12+ hours after food)