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Biology For Non Majors > Nutrition And Digestion > Flashcards

Nutrition And Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 4 organic nutrients:

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins

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2
Q

What are the inorganic nutrients?

A

Minerals

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3
Q

The chemical breakdown of food that begins at ingestion and ends with elimination is:

A

Digestion

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4
Q

The system that processes food, absorbs useful nutrients and eliminates unusable wastes is:

A

Digestive system

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5
Q

Carbs consist of:

A

Polysaccharides and disaccharides

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6
Q

Polysaccharides and disaccharides are broken down into:

A

Monosaccharides

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7
Q

Two types of monosaccharides:

A

Glucose and fructose

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8
Q

Dietary fiber consisting of cellulose and other indigestible polysaccharides provide energy to humans

True
False

A

False

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9
Q

Lipids are broken down into:

A

Fatty acids and glycerides

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10
Q

Proteins are broken down into:

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

Which two nutrients are energy sources?

A

Carbs and lipids

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12
Q

Which nutrient source provides quick energy?

A

Carbs

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13
Q

Which nutrient is responsible for excess energy storage?

A

Lipids

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14
Q

Humans can synthesize all but 8 amino acids

True
False

A

True

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15
Q

Amino acids we must obtain from food are known as:

A

Essential amino acids

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16
Q

How many amino acids are there?

A

20

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17
Q

How many essential acids are there?

A

8

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18
Q

How many calories is 1 gram of carbohydrates?

A

4

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19
Q

How many calories is 1 gram of fat?

A

9

20
Q

How many calories is 1 gram of protein?

A

4

21
Q

What are the two classes of vitamins?

A

Water-soluble

Fat-soluble

22
Q

Vitamins that aren’t stored and are passed in urine are:

A

Water-soluble

23
Q

Vitamins that are stored in fatty tissue and can build up to toxic levels are:

A

Fat-soluble

24
Q

Humans obtain energy primarily from carbs, fats, and protein

True
False

A

True

25
Q

What are the fat-soluble vitamins?

A

A
D
E
K

Think KADE

26
Q

What is the only vitamin humans can synthesize?

A

Vitamin D

27
Q

The digestive tract consists of:

A 
Mouth
Esophagus 
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
28
Q

The accessory glands and organs of the digestive system consist of:

A

Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

29
Q

The gland that secretes saliva:

A

Salivary glands

30
Q

The organ that makes bile to help digest fat:

A

Liver

31
Q

The organ that stores and releases bile:

A

Gallbladder

32
Q

The organ that produces acid and protein-digesting enzymes:

A

Stomach

33
Q

The organ that secretes digestive enzymes:

A

Pancreas

34
Q

The organ that absorbs nutrients:

A

Small intestine

35
Q

The organ that reabsorbs water and minerals:

A

Large intestine

36
Q

What pushes food from the mouth to the stomach using muscular contractions?

A

Esophagus

37
Q

Where protein digestion begins:

A

Stomach

38
Q

Thin, highly coiled tube, divided into two main sections:

A

Small intestine

39
Q

Why are macromolecules broken down into monomers?

A)To allow food to pass through the alimentary canal

B)To lubricate the food

C)To allow for absorption

D)All of the above

A

C)To allow for absorption

40
Q

Certain amino acids are called essential because they:

A)Must be derives from the diet

B)Are required for making nucleic acids

C)Store energy

D)All of the above

A

A)Must be derives from the diet

41
Q

What adaptations allow herbivores to eat only plants?

A)Grinding teeth
B)Bacteria in the stomach
C)Extra long intestines
D)All of the above

A

D)All of the above

42
Q

Which of the following is not true if essential amino acids?

A)They must be acquired through our diet

B)They can be made by our bodies

C)They can be found in meat

D)They include tryptophan, phenylalanine, and leucine

A

B)They can be made by our bodies

43
Q

Digestion starts in the:

A

Mouth

44
Q

Bile helps digest:

A)carbs
B)lipids
C)All nutrients
D)proteins

A

B)lipids

45
Q

The function of vili is:

A)Increase the absorptive surface is the small intestine

B)Link the digestive system with the cardiovascular system

C)All are correct

D)Absorb digested nutrients

A

C)All are correct

46
Q

The function of the large intestine is:

A)rehydration of waste
B)All are correct
C)breakdown of bacteria
D)reabsorption of water and minerals

A

D)reabsorption of water and minerals

47
Q

Protein digestion begins in the:

A)liver
B)stomach
C)small intestine
D)mouth

A

B)stomach

Biology For Non Majors (11 decks)

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