Nutrition Flashcards
What leads growth in infancy, childhood and puberty respectively?
infant - nutrient
childhood - growth hormone
puberty - sex steroids
What is the reference nutrient intake for vitamin A and where is it obtained?
RNI - 350-400 micrograms/day
Cheese, eggs and yogurt
What is the reference nutrient intake for vitamin C and where is it obtained?
RNI 25-30mg/day
Oranges, blackcurrants and potatoes
What is the reference nutrient intake for vitamin D and where is it obtained?
RNI 7-8.5 micrograms/day
Oily fish and eggs but main source is the sun
If an infant has <500ml/day of formula milk what supplements do they need?
Vitamins A,C and D
By 2 weeks if a baby is breastfed what supplements should they be taking?
8.5-10micrograms/day vitamin D
What supplement should breastfeeding mothers take?
10 micrograms/day of vitamin D
When should weaning start?
About 6 months
At what age should a bottle no longer be used?
1 year old
Describe weaning
Foods should be gradually introduced and potential allergens should be introduced one at a time. Full fat cows milk can be used as a drink but introduced gradually
When should a child start to brush their teeth?
As soon as they have their first tooth
What are some risk factors for childhood obesity?
- deprivation
- parental obesity
- black ethnicity
- smoking in pregnancy
- lone motherhood
- pre pregnancy overweight
- solid foods before 4 months
- maternal employment
How will a child with Prader Willi present at birth?
Floppy, weak/absent ability to suck, commonly have feeding problems
What causes Prader Willi syndrome?
Mutations lead to problems in the hypothalamus and inappropriate hormone regulation of growth and appetite
How will a child with Prader Willi present?
Hyperphagia (food seeking/lack of satiety)
Reduced energy requirements due to low muscle tone
Often have learning difficulties, hypogonadism and short stature
How is Prader Willi treated?
Lifestyle management
How are obese children managed?
Clinical Assessment
Aim to maintain weight (unless severely obese then aim is to lose 0.5-1kg/month)
Smaller portion sizes
Increase physical activity (60mins/day)
What are the five key steps to reaching a target BMI?
Self monitoring Goal setting Contracting Stimulus control Relapse prevention
Describe Orlistat
Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase to reduce fat absorption, only used in severe paediatric cases
Describe surgery as a means to control obesity
Difficult when children are still growing, only used in exceptional circumstances and must be post pubertal
