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ABSITE > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

How many Kcals/kg/day are required for a normal person?

A

25 Kcal/kg

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2
Q

How many Kcals/kg/day are required for post-surgical patients?

A

30 Kcal/kg

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3
Q

How many Kcal/kg/day are required for septic patients?

A

30-35 Kcal/kg

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4
Q

How many Kcals/kg/day are required for burn patients?

A

35-40 Kcal/kg

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5
Q

How many g protein/kg/day are required for a normal person?

A

1 g/kg

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6
Q

How many g protein/kg/day are required for post-surgical patients?

A

1.2-1.5 g/kg

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7
Q

How many g protein/kg/day are required for septic patients?

A

2 g/kg

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8
Q

How many g protein/kg/day are required for burn patients?

A

2.5 g/kg

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9
Q

How many Kcals per g does glucose metabolism produce?

A

4 kcal/g (dextrose is 3.4 kcal/g)

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10
Q

How many g of glucose per kg are required per day?

A

7.2 g/kg

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11
Q

What is glucose/carbohydrate respiratory quotient (O2 consumed/CO2 produced)?

A

1

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12
Q

How many kcals per gram does lipid metabolism produce?

A

9 kcal/g

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13
Q

How many g of lipid per kg is required per day?

A

1 g/kg

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14
Q

What is the lipid respiratory quotient (O2 consumed/CO2 produced)?

A

0.7

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15
Q

How many kcals per g does protein metabolism produce?

A

4 kcal/g

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16
Q

How many g of protein per kg is required per day?

A

0.8 g/kg

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17
Q

What is the protein respiratory quotient (O2 consumed/CO2 produced)?

A

0.8

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18
Q

How many grams of protein will yield one gram of nitrogen?

A

6.25 g protein = 1 g nitrogen

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19
Q

Nitrogen balance equation

A

N balance = (g daily protein intake / 6.25) - (24h urine Nitrogen + 4g)

4g is less from sweat

20
Q

How much nitrogen is needed per day?

A

0.25-0.35 g/kg

21
Q

Respiratory quotient >1? Treatment?

A

Lipogenesis

Treatment: decrease caloric intake and carbohydrates

22
Q

Respiratory quotient <0.7? Treatment?

A

Starvation and ketosis

Treatment: increase caloric intake and carbohydrates

23
Q

What micronutrient deficiency results in hyperglycemia?

A

Chromium

24
Q

What micronutrient deficiency leads to pancytopenia, muscle weakness, and neurological abnormalities?

A

Copper

25
Q

What micronutrient deficiency leads to skeletal muscle dysfunction and cardiomyopathy?

A

Selenium

26
Q

What micronutrient deficiency leads to poor wound healing?

A

Zinc

27
Q

What micronutrient deficiency results in inability to wean off the ventilator after prolonged starvation/refeeding?

A

Phosphorus

28
Q

What micronutrient deficiency results in colonic mucosal atrophy after diversion procedure?

A

Short chain fatty acids

29
Q

Short chain fatty acids

A

Acetate, butyrate, propionate

30
Q

Where is calcium absorbed?

A

Duodenum

31
Q

Where is iron absorbed?

A

Duodenum

32
Q

Where are lipids, fats, and soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

Proximal small intestine

33
Q

Where are Vitamin B12 and bile salts absorbed?

A

Terminal ileum

34
Q

How much saliva do we produce each day?

A

1500 mL

35
Q

How much gastric secretions do we produce each day?

A

2500 mL

36
Q

Who much pancreatic secretions do we make each day?

A

1500 mL

37
Q

How much does the small bowel produce each day?

A

1000 mL

38
Q

How much does the small bowel absorb each day?

A

7500 mL

39
Q

Assuming 2L PO intake, how much reaches the colon?

A

1500 mL

40
Q

How much water can the colon absorb each day?

A

5000 mL

41
Q

What is the primary fuel for small bowel enterocytes?

A

Glutamine

42
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Visual disturbances (night blindness, ocular keratitis)

43
Q

Vitamin E deficiency

A

Neuronal degeneration, neuropathy, spinocerebelllar ataxia

44
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Osteomalacia, pathologic bone fractures, proximal myopathy

45
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy, beefy tongue, megaloblastic anemia, cardiovascular complications (secondary to elevated homocysteine), dementia

46
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Low plasma levels of factor II, VII, IX, and X, causing bruising and hemorrhage

47
Q

Refeeding syndrome electrolyte derangements

A

Hypokalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypomagnesemia

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