Nutrition Flashcards
How many Kcals/kg/day are required for a normal person?
25 Kcal/kg
How many Kcals/kg/day are required for post-surgical patients?
30 Kcal/kg
How many Kcal/kg/day are required for septic patients?
30-35 Kcal/kg
How many Kcals/kg/day are required for burn patients?
35-40 Kcal/kg
How many g protein/kg/day are required for a normal person?
1 g/kg
How many g protein/kg/day are required for post-surgical patients?
1.2-1.5 g/kg
How many g protein/kg/day are required for septic patients?
2 g/kg
How many g protein/kg/day are required for burn patients?
2.5 g/kg
How many Kcals per g does glucose metabolism produce?
4 kcal/g (dextrose is 3.4 kcal/g)
How many g of glucose per kg are required per day?
7.2 g/kg
What is glucose/carbohydrate respiratory quotient (O2 consumed/CO2 produced)?
1
How many kcals per gram does lipid metabolism produce?
9 kcal/g
How many g of lipid per kg is required per day?
1 g/kg
What is the lipid respiratory quotient (O2 consumed/CO2 produced)?
0.7
How many kcals per g does protein metabolism produce?
4 kcal/g
How many g of protein per kg is required per day?
0.8 g/kg
What is the protein respiratory quotient (O2 consumed/CO2 produced)?
0.8
How many grams of protein will yield one gram of nitrogen?
6.25 g protein = 1 g nitrogen
Nitrogen balance equation
N balance = (g daily protein intake / 6.25) - (24h urine Nitrogen + 4g)
4g is less from sweat
How much nitrogen is needed per day?
0.25-0.35 g/kg
Respiratory quotient >1? Treatment?
Lipogenesis
Treatment: decrease caloric intake and carbohydrates
Respiratory quotient <0.7? Treatment?
Starvation and ketosis
Treatment: increase caloric intake and carbohydrates
What micronutrient deficiency results in hyperglycemia?
Chromium
What micronutrient deficiency leads to pancytopenia, muscle weakness, and neurological abnormalities?
Copper
What micronutrient deficiency leads to skeletal muscle dysfunction and cardiomyopathy?
Selenium
What micronutrient deficiency leads to poor wound healing?
Zinc
What micronutrient deficiency results in inability to wean off the ventilator after prolonged starvation/refeeding?
Phosphorus
What micronutrient deficiency results in colonic mucosal atrophy after diversion procedure?
Short chain fatty acids
Short chain fatty acids
Acetate, butyrate, propionate
Where is calcium absorbed?
Duodenum
Where is iron absorbed?
Duodenum
Where are lipids, fats, and soluble vitamins absorbed?
Proximal small intestine
Where are Vitamin B12 and bile salts absorbed?
Terminal ileum
How much saliva do we produce each day?
1500 mL
How much gastric secretions do we produce each day?
2500 mL
Who much pancreatic secretions do we make each day?
1500 mL
How much does the small bowel produce each day?
1000 mL
How much does the small bowel absorb each day?
7500 mL
Assuming 2L PO intake, how much reaches the colon?
1500 mL
How much water can the colon absorb each day?
5000 mL
What is the primary fuel for small bowel enterocytes?
Glutamine
Vitamin A deficiency
Visual disturbances (night blindness, ocular keratitis)
Vitamin E deficiency
Neuronal degeneration, neuropathy, spinocerebelllar ataxia
Vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia, pathologic bone fractures, proximal myopathy
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy, beefy tongue, megaloblastic anemia, cardiovascular complications (secondary to elevated homocysteine), dementia
Vitamin K deficiency
Low plasma levels of factor II, VII, IX, and X, causing bruising and hemorrhage
Refeeding syndrome electrolyte derangements
Hypokalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hypomagnesemia
