Nutrition Flashcards
what is nutrition?
science that investigates the relationship between physiological functon and the essential elements of foods we eat
what are nutrients?
constituents of food that sustains us physiologically
what are macros vs micros?
macros:
protein, fat, carbs
micros:
vitamins and minerals
what is hunger?
feeling associated with physoiological need to eat
what is appetite?
the urge/desire to eat something spesific
what are the differences of macronutrients and micronutrients?
Macronutrients:
- needed in greater amounts
- build/maintain body tissue and provide energy
- carbs, fats, proteins
Micronutrients:
- needed in smaller amounts
- essential for many processes, including cell functions
- vitamins/minerals
what is critical for survival and normal functioning?
water
who consumes more calories per peson than many others in the world?
Canadians
what is a calorie?
a unit of measure that indicates the amount of energy we obtain from a food
what is dehydration?
abnormal depletion of body fluids
what percentage of our body weight is water?
50-60%
what are the dietary reference water intake recommendations for males and females?
males (19-50):
3 Litres
Females (19-50):
2.2 Litres
what is the desirable urine colour?
pale yellow
what is the main fuel source for the brain?
carbs
carbs are the key energy source for what?
muscular contraction
how many calories of energy/gram for carbs?
4Kcals
what are the 2 types of carbs?
Simple:
- glucose, glycogen
- easier for the body to break down
Complex:
- starch (fuel source)
- fibre (not a fuel source)
what are the functions of protein?
- build and repair body tissue
- regulate metabolism/ protect from disease
- usual not a major fuel source
what are the basic structural units for protein?
amino acids
what are the differences of complete and incomplete proteins?
Complete:
- only in animal foods and soy products
- contain all essential amino acids
Incomplete:
- present in vegetable sources
- missing one or more essential amino acids
fats are known as what?
triglycerides
how many calories of energy per gram for fats?
9Kcal
vitamin facts
- help regulate growth and metabolism
- water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body (B/C)
- fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body (A, D, E, K)
what are minerals and three key minerals?
chemical elements that help the body function
3 key minerals:
- calcium
- iron
- sodium
what is osteoporosis?
calcium deficiency diesease
what is amenia?
iron definciency health problem
what is hypertension (high blood pressure)?
tied too much sodium
