Nutrition Flashcards
Chp. 3
What is nutrition?
the science that studies the relationship of food to optimal health.
What is good nutrition necessary for in the body?
needed for healthy body functioning, including normal tissue growth, repair and maintenance.
Where should nutrition be obtained from?
variety of sources
What is the typical U.S. diet too high in?
calories, sugar, saturated fat, and sodium
What does the typical US diet lack?
whole grains, fruits and veggies.
How many people in the US eat “No fruit?”
nearly half of the U.S.
How many people in the US eat “no veggies?”
a quarter of the US
What was the average daily eating occasion thirty years ago?
3.8 daily occasions
What is the average daily eating occasion today?
4.9 daily occasions
What factors in diet increase the risk of cardiovascular disease CVD?
diet high in fat, trans fat and cholesterol
What is high salt intake linked to?
high BP
What is linked to the development/ progress of chronic diseases?
poor diet and nutrition
What three chronic diseases are caused by faulty nutrition?
obesity, diabetes and osteoporosis
What do Americans tend to do when eating?
tend to clean our plates and not follow hunger cues.
How many calories a day do men and women consume today compared to twenty years ago?
335 calories for women
470 calories for men
What is proper nutrition essential for?
overall health and wellness
What do substrates (nutrients) provide in a diet?
they produce energy necessary for work, physical activity and relaxation.
What can having too much or too little of a nutrient cause?
serious health problems
What are fuel nutrients composed of?
carbohydrates, fats and proteins
What are nutrients measured in?
calories
What are regulatory nutrients composed of?
vitamins, minerals and water.
What are the only substances the body uses to supply energy?
fuel nutrients
What is a calorie?
unit of energy essential for human health
Energy is required differently per day depending on what three factors?
age, size and activity levels
What are empty calories?
food high in energy, but low in nutritional value.
What are solid fats?
fats solid at room temperature, mainly come from animals.
What does new research indicate?
consumption of processed carbs decreases insulin level and increases use of stored fat.
What does a decrease in consumption of process-carbs promote?
weight-loss and balance
What impacts healthy eating habits?
type of calorie consumed not the amount of calories
what might increase the risk of chronic diseases?
consumption of 1-2 sweetened beverages per day.
what are carbs?
sugars, starches and fibers found in fruits, grains veggies and milk products
What is one gram of carbs equal to in calories?
4 calories
where do carbs provide fuel too?
Central nervous system and energy for working muscles.
What do carbs do in regards to proteins?
prevent protein from being used as an energy source, and enable fat metabolism.
What is the difference between a simple and a complex carb?
the chemical structure and how quickly the sugar is absorbed and digested
What three chemical components make up monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose and galactose
What is glucose?
source of energy stored in muscles and liver in the form of glycogen
What is fructose?
fruit sugar that occurs naturally in fruit and honey.
What is galactose?
provided from more sugar in mammary
What are some examples of single sugars?
fructose and galactose
What do simple carbs such as candy soda and syrup not have?
vitamins fiber and minerals.
