Nutrition

Question 1

Definition of Malnutrition

Answer 1

Imbalance in intake/nutrient

Question 2

Epidemiology of malnutrition

Answer 2

15% of community care older adults
50% of geriatric ward pts
up to 76% >80 y/o

Question 3

What are some risk factors for malnutrition

Answer 3

Sensation Change
Mouth Pathology
Swallowing Difficulty
Environmental factors
Malabsorption
Altered cognition
Social Factors
Decreased Dexterity

Question 4

What are some syndromes caused by Vitamin B1 Deficiency

Answer 4

Wernickes aphasia
Polyneuropathy
Angular Stomatis/ Glossitis

Question 5

What are some syndromes caused by Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Answer 5

Anaemia

Polyneuropathy

Question 6

What are some syndromes caused by Vitamin D Deficiency

Answer 6

Proximal Myopathy
Fractures
Bone Pain

Question 7

What are some syndromes caused by Vitamin C Deficiency

Answer 7

Gingivitis

Bruising

Question 8

What are some syndromes caused by Vitamin K Deficiency

Answer 8

Excessive bruising/bleeding

Question 9

What are some syndromes caused by Iron Deficiency

Answer 9

Anaemia

Kolinychia

Question 10

What are some syndromes caused by Protein Deficiency

Answer 10

Odema

Muscle Wasting

Question 11

How doyou investigate malnutrition

Answer 11

MUST SCORE

Question 12

What are the components of a MUST score and how do you interpret the score

Answer 12

1) BMI (low OR high)
2) % of unplanned weight loss
3) Acute Disease? (Y/N)
4) Score

0 = low risk for malnutrition
1 = medium risk
2+= high risk

Question 13

What are the causes of malnutrition + how do you treat each one

Answer 13

MEALS ON WHEELS

Medications review (stop digoxin, antipsychotics etc)
Emotions (?depression - identify + treat)
Anorexia/alcoholism - (psych eval/alcoholism support)
Late-life paranoia (psych eval)
Swallowing problem (SALT review/upper GI review)

Oral disorder (dentist)
No Money (Social Services)

Wandering (dementia, Psych eval + carer involvement)
Hyperthyroidism (carbimazole/surgery/radioactive iodine)
Enteric disease (Forsip supplementation)
Eating problem (NG tube?)
Low Salt/Low Cholesterol
Social problems (social support)