Nutrition Flashcards
What is morbidity/morality?
Morbidity: diseased or unhealthy
Morality: dealth/number of deaths
What fraction of deaths are attributed to overweight/obesity?
1/10
How are the macronutrients Protein, Carbs and Far further broken down?
Protein - amino acids - build cell proteins, horemones and enzymes
Carbs - single sugars - substrate to provide ATP to cells
Fat - fatty acids - build new cells and substrate for ATP
How many joules in a calorie?
4.184 joules
How many calories per 1g of
Protein
Carbs
Fat
Protein - 4cal
Carbs - 4 cal
Fat - 9 cal
Although most cells use fat and carbs as energy substrates, what cells can only produce ATP anaerobically?
- Red blood cells (no mitochondria, so depend on glucose)
2. Neurones (cant store glucose but use it as well as lactate from blood stream)
What are the sugar molecules carbs are formed from called and what are the 3 types?
Saccardies (mono, di and poly)
What is a monosaccharide?
Name 3 examples
Smallest sugar unit
Glucose, galactose, fructose
What is a Disaccharide?
Name 3 examples
2x monosacharides bonded together
Sucrose (1 glucose + 1 fructose)
Lactose (1 glucose + 1 glactose)
Maltose (2 glucose)
What is a Polysaccharide?
Name 3 examples
Chain of 2 or more monosaccharides
Glycogen
Startch (glucose chains made of amylose and amylopectin)
Non-startch (cellulose and pectin) [soluble and insoluble fibre]
What type of saccarides are in simple/complex carbs?
Simple: Mono and disachhrides
Complex: Polysaccharides
What are proteins?
Organic molecules made up of amino acids
What does protein provide?
Architectural support
Enzymes
Fuel to support survival (extreme situations)
What are complete/incomplete proteins?
Complete: all 9 essentials amino acids (body cant manufacture)
Incomplete: may or may not contain all essential amino acids
What proteins are complete?
All animal proteins and soya beans alternatives
What is the RNI for protein per body weight?
0.78g (rounded to 0.8g) per kg per day
[46g/56g]