Nutrition

Question 1

Food sources for each of the macronutrients

Answer 1

• water

– proteins

• carbohydrates
• fats
  • saturated
  • unsaturated
• minerals

– vitamins

Question 2

Function of water

Answer 2

Essential for health and survival

Question 3

Function of proteins

Answer 3

Forms the basic framework for our muscles, bones, blood, hair, and nails

Question 4

Function of carbohydrates

Answer 4

Provide energy, store energy, build macromolecules, and spare protein and fat

Question 5

Function of fats

Answer 5

They are the building blocks for lipids

Question 6

Function of vitamins

Answer 6

• essential for growth, maintaining tissue, and releasing energy from food
• involved in manufacturing blood cells, hormones, and other compounds

Question 7

Function of minerals

Answer 7

Help build bones and teeth, aid in muscle function, and aid in vitamin absorption

Question 8

Steps of digestion

Answer 8

– mouth: begin mechanical digestion

• salivary glands: begin chemical digestion
• esophagus: move food along
• stomach: hydrochloric acid prepares the gastric area for enzyme action
• liver: produces bile
• gallbladder: stores bile and releases it into the small intestine
• pancreas: enzymes are released into the small intestine to break down starch, fats, and proteins
• small intestine: primary location for absorption
• large intestine: absorbs water and some other nutrients, and collects food residue for excretion

Question 9

Complete vs incomplete proteins

Answer 9

• complete proteins: provide lots of all eight essential AA’s
• incomplete proteins: low levels of 1-2 essential AA’s, but higher levels of others

Question 10

Examples of simple and complex carbohydrates

Answer 10

– simple: monosaccharides
• disaccharides

• complex: polysaccharides

Question 11

Benefits of a high fibre diet

Answer 11

• slows absorption of nutrients
• helps maintain a healthy body weight
• helps control blood sugar levels
• lowers blood cholesterol
• helps with proper digestion and regularity

Question 12

Saturated vs unsaturated fats

Answer 12

• saturated: provides energy, triggers production of cholesterol
• unsaturated: also provides energy, but triggers more good cholesterol production and less bad cholesterol production

Question 13

Advantages and disadvantages of the food guide

Answer 13

• advantages: gives people a good idea of the type of foods they should be eating
• disadvantages: it is very vague
  • does not work for everyone
  • assumes everyone eats the same way

Question 14

Main components of a nutritional facts label

Answer 14

1. Nutritional facts
2. Amount of food
3. % of daily value
4. Core nutrients
5. Nutrition claims
6. Ingredient list