Measurement Of Health

Question 1

Descriptive epidemiology and analytic epidemiology

Answer 1

Descriptive: to describe the distribution of disease

Analytic: to describe the determinants of disease

Question 2

Examples of person, place, and time as they pertain to a health issue

Answer 2

Person: age, gender, race

Place: between countries, within countries, urbanicity

Time: point, secular, seasonal

Question 3

Basic data sources and study designs common to epidemiology

Answer 3

Descriptive data: 
     • routine monitoring 
     • population censuses
     • population surveys
     • descriptive studies

Analytical studies: 
- observation
     • ecological studies
     • cross-sectional studies
     • cohort studies
     • case-controlled studies
- intervention
     • randomized controlled trials
     • non-randomized studies

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Question 4

Frequency measures

Answer 4

• prevalence
  • indicate the extent of a public health problem
  •(a/a+b; time?)
• incidence
  • can be helpful in indicating emerging epidemics
  • (a/a+b; time)

Question 5

Leading causes of death in Canada

Answer 5

1. Cancer
2. Heart disease
3. Stroke
4. Lower respiratory diseases
5. Accidents

Question 6

The steps in the epidemiological approach

Answer 6

• confirm
• describe
• determine cause
• control