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Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates are molecular compounds made from what three elements

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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2
Q

Carbohydrates come in what three types

A

Simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, fiber

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3
Q

Simple carbohydrates (Monosaccharides) Are

3pts

A

Glucose
fructose
galactose

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4
Q

List the three disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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5
Q

Sucrose

3pts

A

TABLE SUGAR

1 glucose molecule+1 fructose molecule=sucrose

Big factor in dental caries

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6
Q

Lactose

2pts

A

Component of milk

Glucose+galactose=lactose

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7
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose+glucose=maltose

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8
Q

Sugar alcohols a.k.a. polyols

A

Provide 2kcal/gram

Ex:
Xylitol
‘Itol=Sugar alcohol

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9
Q

Xylitol

A

Used as a carries preventative agent

Works most effectively on teeth that are erupting

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10
Q

Saccharin

A

A.k.a. sweet N’ low

Used in soft drinks

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11
Q

Aspartame

A

All aspartame-containing products must contain a PKU warning label

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12
Q

Acesulfame K

2pts

A

1 food Additive

*can cause hypoglycemia

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13
Q

Stevia

A

A.k.a. Sweet leaf, sugar leaf

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14
Q

Starch a.k.a. Amylum

A

Most important carbohydrate

Ex: Bread, nuts, rice, bananas, beans

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15
Q

Glycogen

3pts

A

Polysaccharide (Storage form of glucose)

Diabetes occurs if glycogen metabolism becomes abnormal

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16
Q

T or F:

Insoluble fiber increases peristalsis

A

True

Peristalsis-Movement of material through the digestive system

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17
Q

Recommended daily fiber intake

A

25 to 38 grams

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18
Q

Energy for the brain

A

Monosaccharides (glucose)

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19
Q

How many carbohydrates should be consumed per day

A

130 g per day

45 to 65% of their calorie intake

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20
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

The body is unable to produce or respond to hormone insulin Resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of diabetes associated deaths

A

Increased cardiovascular risk

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22
Q

When is the best time to have a diabetic patient

A

Early in the day following breakfast

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23
Q

What is the most common diabetes related emergency

A

Hypoglycemia

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24
Q

How many different amino acid’s make up a protein

A

20

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25
Q

How many essential amino acids are there

A

Nine

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26
Q

Where are nonessential amino acids synthesized

A

Liver

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27
Q

What is a complete protein

2pts

A

Provide the body with all 9 essential amino acids

*Found only in animal products and soy

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28
Q

Foods containing incomplete proteins

A

Nuts
beans
rice
Grains

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29
Q

Where does protein digestion begin

Name of enzyme used to digest protein

A

Begins in the stomach

Pepsin

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30
Q

Marasmus

3pts

A

Means “to waste away”

The result of in adequate food intake

Symptom=Stomach shrinkage

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31
Q

Kwashiorkor

3pts

A

Severe protein deficiency

Occurs most often in children 18 months to two years of age

Bulging of the abdomen

32
Q

Do you saturated fats increase or decrease serum cholesterol levels

A

Increase

33
Q

Monounsaturated fatty acids

3pts

A

Liquid at room temp

Maintains your room cholesterol levels***

Found in plant foods(Nuts, avocados, canola/olive oil)

34
Q

What is the most abundant fatty acid in nature

A

Oleic acid

35
Q

What helps regulate inflammation

A

Eicosanoids

36
Q

Western diet ratio compared to optimal diet ratio

A

20: 1 western

1. 5:1 optimal

37
Q

How many calories are in 1 g of fat

A

9

38
Q

Omega-9 fatty acid

A

Oleic acid

Found in canola oil, eggs, chicken, lean beef, almonds

39
Q

Omega-3 fatty acid

A

Linoleic acid

Found in oily fish, seaweed

40
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

3pts

A

A, D, E, K

Stored in liver and adipose tissue

Can build up to toxic levels!!

41
Q

Vitamin that prevents night blindness, vision, and involved in immune function

Inadequate amount of this vitamin can alter Keratinization of oral tissues

A

Vitamin A

42
Q

What vitamin promotes calcium absorption

Deficiencies of this vitamin include rickets and osteomalacia disease

A

Vitamin D

43
Q

Rickets

A

Vitamin D deficiency

Bowed legs, enlarged head

44
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D deficiency

We can of the bones, bowed legs bent posture, muscle weakness

45
Q

What vitamin functions as an antioxidant and demonstrates anti-inflammatory processes

Found in nuts, seeds, vegetable oil’s

A

Vitamin E

46
Q

Prothrombin

A

Vitamin K-dependent protein in plasma that is involved in blood clotting

47
Q

Most common source of vitamin K in the US diet

A

Spinach***

Broccoli

48
Q

are water soluble vitamin stored in the body

A

No

49
Q

Where are water-soluble vitamins found

A

Fruits, vegetables, grain

50
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

Vitamin C and all B vitamins

51
Q

What vitamin plays a role in production of collagen

A

Vitamin C

52
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy

53
Q

Best sources of vitamin C

A

Strawberries, broccoli, potatoes

54
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine aka

Plays a crucial role in forming ATP

55
Q

thiamine deficiency

A 
Bari bari (I can’t I can’t) 
-Tingling or burning sensation in hands and feet

Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
- can be due to alcoholism

56
Q

B2 vitamin

A

Riboflavin aka

Found in eggs, milk

57
Q

Why should milk be stored in opaque containers

A

To prevent the breakdown of B2 aka riboflavin

58
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin aka

Found in Sweet potatoes, grains

59
Q

Vitamin B3(niacin) deficiency

A

Pellagra

  • dementia
  • diarrhea
  • dermatitis
  • death
60
Q

Vitamin B6

3pts

A

Pyridoxine aka
Helps support adrenal function

Found in bananas

61
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folate aka

Plays an important role in preventing birth defects during early pregnancy (spina bifida)

62
Q

Vitamin B9 deficiency

A

Megaloblastic anemia (abnormal RBC’s)

Angular stomatitis

63
Q

Vitamin B12

A

Cobalamin aka

Contains cobalt

64
Q

What two vitamins are needed for proper red blood cell formation

A

B9 and b12

65
Q

Dietary B12 is also called what

A

Extrinsic factor

66
Q

Vitamin B12 deficiency signs/symptoms

A

Nerve damage that can cause tingling in numbness in hands and feet

Smooth, thick red tongue

67
Q

What is the most abundant mineral in the body

A

Calcium (98%in bone tissue, 1% in teeth, 1% in blood)

68
Q

Sources of calcium

A

Broccoli, milk

69
Q

Vitamin is needed to absorb calcium

A

D

70
Q

What is the main function of sodium

A

Maintains blood pressure

71
Q

What is the recommended daily dose of sodium intake

A

No more than 2300 mg (1tsp)

72
Q

What is the most common causes of anemia

A

Iron Deficiency

73
Q

What is the only organ needing iodine

A

Thyroid

Regulates basil metabolic rate

74
Q

Lanugo

A

Growth of fine hair on sides of face, arms, back. Bodies attempt to conserve heat

75
Q

Is bulimia or anorexia more common

A

Bulimia nervosa

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