Nutrition Flashcards
Carbohydrates are molecular compounds made from what three elements
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Carbohydrates come in what three types
Simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, fiber
Simple carbohydrates (Monosaccharides) Are
3pts
Glucose
fructose
galactose
List the three disaccharides
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
Sucrose
3pts
TABLE SUGAR
1 glucose molecule+1 fructose molecule=sucrose
Big factor in dental caries
Lactose
2pts
Component of milk
Glucose+galactose=lactose
Maltose
Glucose+glucose=maltose
Sugar alcohols a.k.a. polyols
Provide 2kcal/gram
Ex:
Xylitol
‘Itol=Sugar alcohol
Xylitol
Used as a carries preventative agent
Works most effectively on teeth that are erupting
Saccharin
A.k.a. sweet N’ low
Used in soft drinks
Aspartame
All aspartame-containing products must contain a PKU warning label
Acesulfame K
2pts
1 food Additive
*can cause hypoglycemia
Stevia
A.k.a. Sweet leaf, sugar leaf
Starch a.k.a. Amylum
Most important carbohydrate
Ex: Bread, nuts, rice, bananas, beans
Glycogen
3pts
Polysaccharide (Storage form of glucose)
Diabetes occurs if glycogen metabolism becomes abnormal
T or F:
Insoluble fiber increases peristalsis
True
Peristalsis-Movement of material through the digestive system
Recommended daily fiber intake
25 to 38 grams
Energy for the brain
Monosaccharides (glucose)
How many carbohydrates should be consumed per day
130 g per day
45 to 65% of their calorie intake
Diabetes Mellitus
The body is unable to produce or respond to hormone insulin Resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine
What is the most common cause of diabetes associated deaths
Increased cardiovascular risk
When is the best time to have a diabetic patient
Early in the day following breakfast
What is the most common diabetes related emergency
Hypoglycemia
How many different amino acid’s make up a protein
20
How many essential amino acids are there
Nine
Where are nonessential amino acids synthesized
Liver
What is a complete protein
2pts
Provide the body with all 9 essential amino acids
*Found only in animal products and soy
Foods containing incomplete proteins
Nuts
beans
rice
Grains
Where does protein digestion begin
Name of enzyme used to digest protein
Begins in the stomach
Pepsin
Marasmus
3pts
Means “to waste away”
The result of in adequate food intake
Symptom=Stomach shrinkage
Kwashiorkor
3pts
Severe protein deficiency
Occurs most often in children 18 months to two years of age
Bulging of the abdomen
Do you saturated fats increase or decrease serum cholesterol levels
Increase
Monounsaturated fatty acids
3pts
Liquid at room temp
Maintains your room cholesterol levels***
Found in plant foods(Nuts, avocados, canola/olive oil)
What is the most abundant fatty acid in nature
Oleic acid
What helps regulate inflammation
Eicosanoids
Western diet ratio compared to optimal diet ratio
20: 1 western
1. 5:1 optimal
How many calories are in 1 g of fat
9
Omega-9 fatty acid
Oleic acid
Found in canola oil, eggs, chicken, lean beef, almonds
Omega-3 fatty acid
Linoleic acid
Found in oily fish, seaweed
Fat soluble vitamins
3pts
A, D, E, K
Stored in liver and adipose tissue
Can build up to toxic levels!!
Vitamin that prevents night blindness, vision, and involved in immune function
Inadequate amount of this vitamin can alter Keratinization of oral tissues
Vitamin A
What vitamin promotes calcium absorption
Deficiencies of this vitamin include rickets and osteomalacia disease
Vitamin D
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency
Bowed legs, enlarged head
Osteomalacia
Vitamin D deficiency
We can of the bones, bowed legs bent posture, muscle weakness
What vitamin functions as an antioxidant and demonstrates anti-inflammatory processes
Found in nuts, seeds, vegetable oil’s
Vitamin E
Prothrombin
Vitamin K-dependent protein in plasma that is involved in blood clotting
Most common source of vitamin K in the US diet
Spinach***
Broccoli
are water soluble vitamin stored in the body
No
Where are water-soluble vitamins found
Fruits, vegetables, grain
What are the water soluble vitamins
Vitamin C and all B vitamins
What vitamin plays a role in production of collagen
Vitamin C
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
Best sources of vitamin C
Strawberries, broccoli, potatoes
Vitamin B1
Thiamine aka
Plays a crucial role in forming ATP
thiamine deficiency
Bari bari (I can’t I can’t) -Tingling or burning sensation in hands and feet
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
- can be due to alcoholism
B2 vitamin
Riboflavin aka
Found in eggs, milk
Why should milk be stored in opaque containers
To prevent the breakdown of B2 aka riboflavin
Vitamin B3
Niacin aka
Found in Sweet potatoes, grains
Vitamin B3(niacin) deficiency
Pellagra
- dementia
- diarrhea
- dermatitis
- death
Vitamin B6
3pts
Pyridoxine aka
Helps support adrenal function
Found in bananas
Vitamin B9
Folate aka
Plays an important role in preventing birth defects during early pregnancy (spina bifida)
Vitamin B9 deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia (abnormal RBC’s)
Angular stomatitis
Vitamin B12
Cobalamin aka
Contains cobalt
What two vitamins are needed for proper red blood cell formation
B9 and b12
Dietary B12 is also called what
Extrinsic factor
Vitamin B12 deficiency signs/symptoms
Nerve damage that can cause tingling in numbness in hands and feet
Smooth, thick red tongue
What is the most abundant mineral in the body
Calcium (98%in bone tissue, 1% in teeth, 1% in blood)
Sources of calcium
Broccoli, milk
Vitamin is needed to absorb calcium
D
What is the main function of sodium
Maintains blood pressure
What is the recommended daily dose of sodium intake
No more than 2300 mg (1tsp)
What is the most common causes of anemia
Iron Deficiency
What is the only organ needing iodine
Thyroid
Regulates basil metabolic rate
Lanugo
Growth of fine hair on sides of face, arms, back. Bodies attempt to conserve heat
Is bulimia or anorexia more common
Bulimia nervosa
