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Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrates are molecular compounds made from what three elements

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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2
Q

Carbohydrates come in what three types

A

Simple carbohydrates, complex carbohydrates, fiber

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3
Q

Simple carbohydrates (Monosaccharides) Are

3pts

A

Glucose
fructose
galactose

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4
Q

List the three disaccharides

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

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5
Q

Sucrose

3pts

A

TABLE SUGAR

1 glucose molecule+1 fructose molecule=sucrose

Big factor in dental caries

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6
Q

Lactose

2pts

A

Component of milk

Glucose+galactose=lactose

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7
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose+glucose=maltose

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8
Q

Sugar alcohols a.k.a. polyols

A

Provide 2kcal/gram

Ex:
Xylitol
‘Itol=Sugar alcohol

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9
Q

Xylitol

A

Used as a carries preventative agent

Works most effectively on teeth that are erupting

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10
Q

Saccharin

A

A.k.a. sweet N’ low

Used in soft drinks

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11
Q

Aspartame

A

All aspartame-containing products must contain a PKU warning label

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12
Q

Acesulfame K

2pts

A

1 food Additive

*can cause hypoglycemia

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13
Q

Stevia

A

A.k.a. Sweet leaf, sugar leaf

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14
Q

Starch a.k.a. Amylum

A

Most important carbohydrate

Ex: Bread, nuts, rice, bananas, beans

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15
Q

Glycogen

3pts

A

Polysaccharide (Storage form of glucose)

Diabetes occurs if glycogen metabolism becomes abnormal

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16
Q

T or F:

Insoluble fiber increases peristalsis

A

True

Peristalsis-Movement of material through the digestive system

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17
Q

Recommended daily fiber intake

A

25 to 38 grams

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18
Q

Energy for the brain

A

Monosaccharides (glucose)

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19
Q

How many carbohydrates should be consumed per day

A

130 g per day

45 to 65% of their calorie intake

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20
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

The body is unable to produce or respond to hormone insulin Resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine

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21
Q

What is the most common cause of diabetes associated deaths

A

Increased cardiovascular risk

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22
Q

When is the best time to have a diabetic patient

A

Early in the day following breakfast

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23
Q

What is the most common diabetes related emergency

A

Hypoglycemia

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24
Q

How many different amino acid’s make up a protein

A

20

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25
How many essential amino acids are there
Nine
26
Where are nonessential amino acids synthesized
Liver
27
What is a complete protein 2pts
Provide the body with all 9 essential amino acids *Found only in animal products and soy
28
Foods containing incomplete proteins
Nuts beans rice Grains
29
Where does protein digestion begin Name of enzyme used to digest protein
Begins in the stomach Pepsin
30
Marasmus 3pts
Means “to waste away” The result of in adequate food intake Symptom=Stomach shrinkage
31
Kwashiorkor 3pts
Severe protein deficiency Occurs most often in children 18 months to two years of age Bulging of the abdomen
32
Do you saturated fats increase or decrease serum cholesterol levels
Increase
33
Monounsaturated fatty acids | 3pts
Liquid at room temp Maintains your room cholesterol levels*** Found in plant foods(Nuts, avocados, canola/olive oil)
34
What is the most abundant fatty acid in nature
Oleic acid
35
What helps regulate inflammation
Eicosanoids
36
Western diet ratio compared to optimal diet ratio
20: 1 western | 1. 5:1 optimal
37
How many calories are in 1 g of fat
9
38
Omega-9 fatty acid
Oleic acid Found in canola oil, eggs, chicken, lean beef, almonds
39
Omega-3 fatty acid
Linoleic acid Found in oily fish, seaweed
40
Fat soluble vitamins 3pts
A, D, E, K Stored in liver and adipose tissue Can build up to toxic levels!!
41
Vitamin that prevents night blindness, vision, and involved in immune function Inadequate amount of this vitamin can alter Keratinization of oral tissues
Vitamin A
42
What vitamin promotes calcium absorption Deficiencies of this vitamin include rickets and osteomalacia disease
Vitamin D
43
Rickets
Vitamin D deficiency Bowed legs, enlarged head
44
Osteomalacia
Vitamin D deficiency We can of the bones, bowed legs bent posture, muscle weakness
45
What vitamin functions as an antioxidant and demonstrates anti-inflammatory processes Found in nuts, seeds, vegetable oil’s
Vitamin E
46
Prothrombin
Vitamin K-dependent protein in plasma that is involved in blood clotting
47
Most common source of vitamin K in the US diet
Spinach*** | Broccoli
48
are water soluble vitamin stored in the body
No
49
Where are water-soluble vitamins found
Fruits, vegetables, grain
50
What are the water soluble vitamins
Vitamin C and all B vitamins
51
What vitamin plays a role in production of collagen
Vitamin C
52
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
53
Best sources of vitamin C
Strawberries, broccoli, potatoes
54
Vitamin B1
Thiamine aka Plays a crucial role in forming ATP
55
thiamine deficiency
``` Bari bari (I can’t I can’t) -Tingling or burning sensation in hands and feet ``` Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome - can be due to alcoholism
56
B2 vitamin
Riboflavin aka | Found in eggs, milk
57
Why should milk be stored in opaque containers
To prevent the breakdown of B2 aka riboflavin
58
Vitamin B3
Niacin aka Found in Sweet potatoes, grains
59
Vitamin B3(niacin) deficiency
Pellagra - dementia - diarrhea - dermatitis - death
60
Vitamin B6 3pts
Pyridoxine aka Helps support adrenal function Found in bananas
61
Vitamin B9
Folate aka Plays an important role in preventing birth defects during early pregnancy (spina bifida)
62
Vitamin B9 deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia (abnormal RBC’s) Angular stomatitis
63
Vitamin B12
Cobalamin aka | Contains cobalt
64
What two vitamins are needed for proper red blood cell formation
B9 and b12
65
Dietary B12 is also called what
Extrinsic factor
66
Vitamin B12 deficiency signs/symptoms
Nerve damage that can cause tingling in numbness in hands and feet Smooth, thick red tongue
67
What is the most abundant mineral in the body
Calcium (98%in bone tissue, 1% in teeth, 1% in blood)
68
Sources of calcium
Broccoli, milk
69
Vitamin is needed to absorb calcium
D
70
What is the main function of sodium
Maintains blood pressure
71
What is the recommended daily dose of sodium intake
No more than 2300 mg (1tsp)
72
What is the most common causes of anemia
Iron Deficiency
73
What is the only organ needing iodine
Thyroid Regulates basil metabolic rate
74
Lanugo
Growth of fine hair on sides of face, arms, back. Bodies attempt to conserve heat
75
Is bulimia or anorexia more common
Bulimia nervosa

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