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Micro Flashcards

1
Q

Protein manufacturing steps

A

Transcribe DNA to mRNA
THEN
translate mRNA into chains of amino acids

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2
Q

Treatment for Candida albicans: topical

A

Nystatin and clotrimazole

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3
Q

Treatment for Candida albicans: systemic

A

Fluconazole

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4
Q

Most commonly used probiotic

A

Lactobacillus acidophilus

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5
Q

Streptococcus sanguinis

A

Early plaque colonizers

Implicated in bacterial endocarditis and dental caries

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6
Q

Streptococcus Mitis

A

Implicated in bacterial endocarditis

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7
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A 
Gram-positive cocci- facultative
Causes: 
Strep throat (pharyngitis)
tonsillitis 
rheumatic fever
 scarlet fever 
cellulitis

Spreads through from person to person

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8
Q

Gamma hemolytic streptococcus

A

unable to lyse red blood cells

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9
Q

Alpha hemolytic streptococcus

A

Partially lyse red blood cells

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10
Q

Beta hemolytic streptococcus

A

Completely lyse red blood cells

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11
Q

Obligate anaerobes

A

Found in periodontal pockets and sulcus

Cannot tolerate oxygen

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12
Q

Obligate aerobes

A

Have all the enzymes (Catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase)

Uses Krebs cycle and glycolysis

Must have oxygen to survive

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13
Q

The most commonly used source carbon and energy for humans and bacteria is

A

Glucose

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14
Q

What to diseases are caused by spirochetes

A

Syphilis

Lyme disease

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15
Q

What is the universal blood donor type

A

Type O negative

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16
Q

What immunoglobulin is on the surface of B lymphocytes

A

IgD

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17
Q

What are macrophages roles

A

Phagocytosis

Transport and process antigens

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18
Q

What are complement activator anti-bodies

A

IgG and IgM

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19
Q

IgG antibody

3pts

A

Only antibody to cross the placental barrier

Complement activator

*Most abundant antibody body in the body

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20
Q

IgA antibody

A

Main immunoglobulin in secretions (saliva)

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21
Q

IgE antibody

A

Response to allergies

Binds to mast cells and basophils

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22
Q

IgM antibody

4pts

A

Largest antibody

First anti-body produced after birth

Has 10 binding sites

Complement activator

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23
Q

Universal blood recipient type

A

Type AB +

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24
Q

What is the most resistant disease causing organism

A

MRSA (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus)

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25
Q

Treatment for MRSA

A

Antibiotics: vancomycin and bactrim

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26
Q

What is the first microbe to colonize in an infant mouth

A

Streptococcus salivarius

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27
Q

Rod-like structures

A

Bacillus (bacilli)

28
Q

Spherical organisms

A

Coccus (cocci)

29
Q

Acid fast techniques are used for

A

MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis)

Due to its waxy Outer layer (Impervious to gram staining)

30
Q

Where are all immune system cells produced

A

Bone marrow

31
Q

Herpes viruses

3

A

Varicella-zoster
Epstein-Barr
Kaposis sarcoma

32
Q

Types of DNA viruses

5

A 
Hepatitis B
Human papilloma virus
Herpes Symplex type I and II
Varicella-zoster
Epstein-Barr
33
Q

Types of RNA viruses

A 
HIV**
Hepatitis A C D E
Mumps 
Measles
Influenza
34
Q

Viral replication depends on what

35
Q

T or F:

Transcription is from DNA to RNA

36
Q

What is the role of mRNA

A

Move information contained in the DNA to the host cells cytoplasm

Primary function of mRNA is TRANSLATION

37
Q

Systemic infection of Candida may involve…

A

The Esophagus

38
Q

What is the main pathogenic bacteria in pregnancy related gingivitis

A

Prevotella intermedia

39
Q

Pleomorphic means

A

Lacks a distinct shape

40
Q

Spiral shaped bacteria

A

Spirochetes

41
Q

Aerobic means

A

With oxygen

42
Q

Anaerobic means

A

Without oxygen

43
Q

What are the bacterial growth phases

A

Lag phase

Log phase (Organisms are most likely to break down by antimicrobial agents)

Stationary phase

Death phase

44
Q

T or F:

Streptococcus mutans are not associated with Periodontal disease

45
Q

A typical lesion of staphylococcus is a(n)

46
Q

What bacteria is associated with root carries

A

Lactobacillus

47
Q

What organisms require dark field microscopy

A

Spirochetes

48
Q

What are the most disease causing organisms

A

Facultative anaerobes

49
Q

Serology for HBV

Anti-HBsAg=

A

No active disease, immune**

50
Q

Serology for HBV

HBeAg=

A

High infectivity and active infection

51
Q

What vaccination protects against human papilloma virus

52
Q

What is the causative organism for herpangina

A

Coxsackie virus

53
Q

What herpes virus is associated with AIDS

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

54
Q

What is an example of a vascular response

A

Acute inflammation: characterized by Edema, erythema and pain

55
Q

Neutrophils

(3)

A

Most numerous white blood cells
First line defenders
A.k.a. Phagocytes

56
Q

When something is wrong with _____function, _________ ________ is the result

A

Neutrophil

Periodontal disease

57
Q

Cellular immunity

3 pts

A

T cells**

Hypersensitivity response

Regulation of antibody response

58
Q

Humoral immunity

3pts

A

B cells***

Autoimmunity

Allergic response

59
Q

What do plasma cells do

A

Make antibodies

60
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction:

type I

A

Anaphylactic reaction

Primary antibody involved: IgE

61
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction: type II

A

Cytotoxic reaction

62
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction: type III

A

Immune-complex reaction

Mechanism for autoimmune disorder

63
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction: type IV

A

Cell-mediated reaction

T cells are involved in this reaction

64
Q

Examples of auto immune disorders

A

Crohn’s disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus erythematous
Scleroderma

65
Q

Scleroderma

A

This auto immune disorder is associated with Raynauds phenomenon and generalized widening of the PDL space

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