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Step 1 - Biochemistry > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Fat soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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2
Q

Thiamine

A

B1

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3
Q

Riboflavin

A

B2

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4
Q

Niacin

A

B3

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5
Q

Panthotenic acid: CoA

A

B5 “pento”thenic acid

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6
Q

Pyridoxine

A

B6

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7
Q

Biotin

A

B7

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8
Q

Folate

A

B9

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9
Q

Cobalamin

A

B12

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10
Q

Ascorbic acid

A

Vit C

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11
Q

Stored in liver for 3-4 years

A

B12

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12
Q

Stored in liver for 3-4 months

A

B9 folate

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13
Q

Dermatitis
Glossitis
Diarrhea

A

B-complex deficiency

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14
Q

Used to treat measles and promyelocitic leukemia

A

Retinol (Vit A)

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15
Q

Isotretinoin used as treatment for

A

Cystic acne

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16
Q

All-trans retinoic acid is used to treat

A

Acute promyelocytic leukemia

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17
Q

Vit A deficiency

A 
Nyctalopia
Xerositis cutis
Corneal degeneration
Bitot spots on conjunctiva
Immunosupression
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18
Q

Excess vit A

A

Hepatic toxicity

Teratogenic

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19
Q

Deficiency vitB1 (thiamine)

A

Dry Ber1ber1
Wet Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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20
Q

Enzyme reactions that require B1

A
  1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
  2. Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
  3. Transketolase (HMP shunt)
  4. Branched cahin ketoacid dehydrogenase
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21
Q

Classic triad for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A
  1. Confusion
  2. Ophtalmoplegia
  3. Ataxia
    Confabulation
    Personality change
    Memory loss (permanent)
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22
Q

Neuroanatomical areas affected in Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

A
  1. Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus

2. Mammillary bodies

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23
Q

Worsened by glucose infusion

A

Vitamine B1 defficiency

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24
Q

Diagnosis of vitamine B1 deficiency

A

High RBC transketolase activity following vit B1 administration

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25
Q

Dry ber1ber1

A

Polyneuritis

Symmetrical muscle wasting

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26
Q

Wet ber1ber1

A

High output cardiac failure

Edema

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27
Q

Cheilosis and Corenal vascularization are consequences of vit ____ deficiency

A

B2: riboflavin

Las 2C de B2

28
Q

Pellagra

A

Deficit of vitamin B3 (niacin)

29
Q

Symptoms of pellagra

A

Diarrhea
Dementia (and hallucinations)
Dermatitis: casal necklace
Las 3 D de B3

30
Q

Causes of Pellagra

A

Hartnup disease
Malignant carcinoid syndrome (higher tryptophan metabolism)
Isoniazid (less vitamin B6: needed for B3 synthesis)

31
Q

Deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters in proximal renal tubular cells and on enterocytes

A

Hartnup disease

32
Q

Excess niacin

A

Facial flushing: by prostaglandines, not histamine
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia

33
Q

Avoids facial flushing in excess niacin

A

Aspirin with niacin

34
Q

Defficiency of B6 (pyridoxine)

A

Convulsions
Hyperirritability
Peripheral neuropathy!
Sideroblastic anemias

35
Q

Important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA

A

Vitamine B9 (folate)

36
Q

B9 is absorbed in

A

Jejunum

37
Q

B9 found in

A

Leafy green vegetables

38
Q

Neurologic symptoms in B9 defficiency

A

None!

39
Q

Most common vitamin deficiency in the united states

A

B9 folate

Seen in alcoholism and pregnancy

40
Q

Converted to THF

A

Vitamin B9 (folate)

41
Q

Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMN

A

Vitamin B9 or B12 defficiency

42
Q

Diagnostic for pernicious anemia

A

Anti-intrinsic factor antibodies

43
Q

Cofactor for methionine synthethase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase

A

Vitamin B12

44
Q

High serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid

A

B12 or B9 defficiency

45
Q

Neurologic symptoms of B12 deficit

A

Paresthesias

Subacute combined degeneration: dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, spinocerebellar tracts

46
Q

Causes of B12 deficit

A
  1. Malabsorption: sprue, enteritis, D lactum
  2. Lack of intrinsic factor: pernicious anemia, gastric bypass surgery
  3. Absence of terminal ileum: surgical resection ie Chron disease
  4. Insufficient intake: veganism
47
Q

Defficiency of vitamin C

A

Scurvy

48
Q

Ancillary treatment for methemoglobinemia by reducing Fe3 to Fe2

A

Vitamin C

49
Q

Scurvy

A 
Collagen synthesis defect: 
Swollen gums
Bruising
petechiase
Hemarthrosis
Anemia
Poor wound healing
perifollicular and superiosteal hemorrages
Corkscrew hair
50
Q

Excess vitamin_____ in granulomatous disease

A

D

51
Q

Enhances anticoagulant effect of warfarin (anti vit K)

A

Vit E

52
Q

Similar neurological presentation to vitamin B12 deficiency, without megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMN, or high serum methylmalonic acid

A

Vit E deficincy

53
Q

K dependent clotting factors

A

II, VII, IX, X

Proteins C and S

54
Q

Vitamin ___ is synthesised by intestinal flora

A

K

55
Q

Its deficiency produces neonatal hemorrage with higher PT and aPPT but normal bleeding time

A

Vit K

56
Q

Activated by epoxide reductase to the reduce form (a cofactor for gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on proteins)

A

Vit K

57
Q

May predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis

A

Zinc deficiency

58
Q

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

A

Zinc deficiency

59
Q

Its deficiency causes less adult hair

A

Zinc deficiency

60
Q

Protein malnutrition

A

Kwashiorkor

61
Q

Kwashiorkor findings

A 
Malnutrition
Edema
Anemia
Fatty liver
Skin lesions
62
Q

Malnutrition not causing edema, diet is deficient in calories but not proteins

A

Marasmus

63
Q

Antidote for overdoses of Methanol or ehtylene glycol

A

Fomepizole
MEtanol
Ethylene glycol

64
Q

Inhibits alcohol deshidrogenase

A

Fomepizole

65
Q

Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Disulfiram: acetaldehyde accumulates contributing to hangover symptoms

66
Q

Higher NADH/NAD ratio in liver

A

Alcohol consumption

Step 1 - Biochemistry (7 decks)

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