Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
Fat soluble vitamins
A
ADEK
2
Q
Thiamine
A
B1
3
Q
Riboflavin
A
B2
4
Q
Niacin
A
B3
5
Q
Panthotenic acid: CoA
A
B5 “pento”thenic acid
6
Q
Pyridoxine
A
B6
7
Q
Biotin
A
B7
8
Q
Folate
A
B9
9
Q
Cobalamin
A
B12
10
Q
Ascorbic acid
A
Vit C
11
Q
Stored in liver for 3-4 years
A
B12
12
Q
Stored in liver for 3-4 months
A
B9 folate
13
Q
Dermatitis
Glossitis
Diarrhea
A
B-complex deficiency
14
Q
Used to treat measles and promyelocitic leukemia
A
Retinol (Vit A)
15
Q
Isotretinoin used as treatment for
A
Cystic acne
16
Q
All-trans retinoic acid is used to treat
A
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
17
Q
Vit A deficiency
A
Nyctalopia Xerositis cutis Corneal degeneration Bitot spots on conjunctiva Immunosupression
18
Q
Excess vit A
A
Hepatic toxicity
Teratogenic
19
Q
Deficiency vitB1 (thiamine)
A
Dry Ber1ber1
Wet Beriberi
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
20
Q
Enzyme reactions that require B1
A
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase
- Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
- Transketolase (HMP shunt)
- Branched cahin ketoacid dehydrogenase
21
Q
Classic triad for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
A
- Confusion
- Ophtalmoplegia
- Ataxia
Confabulation
Personality change
Memory loss (permanent)
22
Q
Neuroanatomical areas affected in Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
A
- Medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus
2. Mammillary bodies
23
Q
Worsened by glucose infusion
A
Vitamine B1 defficiency
24
Q
Diagnosis of vitamine B1 deficiency
A
High RBC transketolase activity following vit B1 administration
25
Dry ber1ber1
Polyneuritis
| Symmetrical muscle wasting
26
Wet ber1ber1
High output cardiac failure
| Edema
27
Cheilosis and Corenal vascularization are consequences of vit ____ deficiency
B2: riboflavin
| Las 2C de B2
28
Pellagra
Deficit of vitamin B3 (niacin)
29
Symptoms of pellagra
Diarrhea
Dementia (and hallucinations)
Dermatitis: casal necklace
Las 3 D de B3
30
Causes of Pellagra
Hartnup disease
Malignant carcinoid syndrome (higher tryptophan metabolism)
Isoniazid (less vitamin B6: needed for B3 synthesis)
31
Deficiency of neutral amino acid transporters in proximal renal tubular cells and on enterocytes
Hartnup disease
32
Excess niacin
Facial flushing: by prostaglandines, not histamine
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
33
Avoids facial flushing in excess niacin
Aspirin with niacin
34
Defficiency of B6 (pyridoxine)
Convulsions
Hyperirritability
Peripheral neuropathy!
Sideroblastic anemias
35
Important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
Vitamine B9 (folate)
36
B9 is absorbed in
Jejunum
37
B9 found in
Leafy green vegetables
38
Neurologic symptoms in B9 defficiency
None!
39
Most common vitamin deficiency in the united states
B9 folate
| Seen in alcoholism and pregnancy
40
Converted to THF
Vitamin B9 (folate)
41
Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMN
Vitamin B9 or B12 defficiency
42
Diagnostic for pernicious anemia
Anti-intrinsic factor antibodies
43
Cofactor for methionine synthethase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
Vitamin B12
44
High serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid
B12 or B9 defficiency
45
Neurologic symptoms of B12 deficit
Paresthesias
| Subacute combined degeneration: dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, spinocerebellar tracts
46
Causes of B12 deficit
1. Malabsorption: sprue, enteritis, D lactum
2. Lack of intrinsic factor: pernicious anemia, gastric bypass surgery
3. Absence of terminal ileum: surgical resection ie Chron disease
4. Insufficient intake: veganism
47
Defficiency of vitamin C
Scurvy
48
Ancillary treatment for methemoglobinemia by reducing Fe3 to Fe2
Vitamin C
49
Scurvy
```
Collagen synthesis defect:
Swollen gums
Bruising
petechiase
Hemarthrosis
Anemia
Poor wound healing
perifollicular and superiosteal hemorrages
Corkscrew hair
```
50
Excess vitamin_____ in granulomatous disease
D
51
Enhances anticoagulant effect of warfarin (anti vit K)
Vit E
52
Similar neurological presentation to vitamin B12 deficiency, without megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented PMN, or high serum methylmalonic acid
Vit E deficincy
53
K dependent clotting factors
II, VII, IX, X
| Proteins C and S
54
Vitamin ___ is synthesised by intestinal flora
K
55
Its deficiency produces neonatal hemorrage with higher PT and aPPT but normal bleeding time
Vit K
56
Activated by epoxide reductase to the reduce form (a cofactor for gamma carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on proteins)
Vit K
57
May predispose to alcoholic cirrhosis
Zinc deficiency
58
Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Zinc deficiency
59
Its deficiency causes less adult hair
Zinc deficiency
60
Protein malnutrition
Kwashiorkor
61
Kwashiorkor findings
```
Malnutrition
Edema
Anemia
Fatty liver
Skin lesions
```
62
Malnutrition not causing edema, diet is deficient in calories but not proteins
Marasmus
63
Antidote for overdoses of Methanol or ehtylene glycol
Fomepizole
MEtanol
Ethylene glycol
64
Inhibits alcohol deshidrogenase
Fomepizole
65
Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Disulfiram: acetaldehyde accumulates contributing to hangover symptoms
66
Higher NADH/NAD ratio in liver
Alcohol consumption
