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Step 1 - Biochemistry > Cellular > Flashcards

Cellular Flashcards

1
Q

Control transition between phases of cell cycle

A

Checkpoints

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2
Q

Cell cycle regulators

A

Cyclins
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)
Tumor suppressors

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3
Q

p53 induces

A

p21 which inhibits CDK

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4
Q

Modulate G1 restriction point

A

Rb (retinoblastoma protein)

p53

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5
Q

Permanent cells

A

Remain in G0: neurons, skeletal and cardiac muscle, RBC

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6
Q

Quiescent (stable) cells

A

Enter G1 from G0 when stimulated: hepatocytes, lymphocytes

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7
Q

Labile cells

A

Never go to G0

Most affected by chemotherapy: bone marrow, gut epithelium, skin, hair folicles, germ cells

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8
Q

Nissl bodies

A

RER in neurons: synthesize peptide neurotransmitters for secretion

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9
Q

Site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and posions

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

Site of synthesis of secretory proteins and N-linked oligosaccharide addition to proteins

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

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11
Q

Golgi adds ______ to proteins to trafficking to lysosomes

A

mannose-6-phosphate

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12
Q

Failure of golgi to phosphorilate mannose to tag proteins trafficking to lysosomes

A

I-cell disease: proteins are secreted extracellullary rather than delivered to lysosomes

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13
Q

SRP function

A

Signal recognition particle: cytosolic ribonucleoprotein that traffics proteins from the ribosome to the RER

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14
Q

Vesicular trafficking proteins

A

COP I: Golgi retrograde or cis Golgi to ER
COP II: cis Golgi anterograde
Clathrin: trans golgi to lysosomes. Plasma membrano t oendosomes

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15
Q

Peroxisomal diseases

A

Zellweger syndrome

Refsum disease

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16
Q

Peroxisome

A

Membrane-enclosed organelle involved in catabolism of very long chain fatty acids, branched chain fatty acids, amino acids and ethanol

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17
Q

Barrel shaped protein complex that degrades damaged or ubiquitin tagged proteins

A

Proteasome

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18
Q

Vimentin stain

A

For mesenchymal tissue: mesenchymal tumors like sarcoma, endometrial carcinoma and meningioma

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19
Q

Desmin stain

A

Muscle: rabdomiosarcoma

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20
Q

Cytokeratin stain

A

Epithelial cells

21
Q

GFAP (glial fibrillary acid proteins) stain

A

NeuroGlia: glioblastoma

22
Q

Neurofilaments stain

A

Neurons: neuroblastoma

23
Q

Drugs that act on microtubules

A 
Microtobules Get Constructed Very Poorly:
Mebendazole: antihelminthic
Griseofulvin: antifungal
Colchicine: antigout
Vincristine: vvinblastine: anticancer
Paclitaxel: anticancer
24
Q

Dynein

A

Negative and Near Nucleus microtubular transport

25
Q

Kinesin

A

Positive end points to periphery microtubular transport

26
Q

9 doublet + 2 singlet arrengment of microtubules

A

Cilia structure

27
Q

9 microtubule triplets

A

Basal bode: base of cilium

28
Q

Immotile cilia due to a dynein arm defect

A

Kartagener syndrome: less fertility. bronchiectasis, recurrent sinusitis, chronic ear infections, conductive hearing loss, situs inversion

29
Q

Axonemal dynein

A

ATPase that links peripheral 9 doublets and causes bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets

30
Q

Mecanism of action of digoxin

A

Inhibit NaK ATPase which leads to indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchange: more Ca: more cardiac contractility

31
Q

Most abundant protein in the human body

A

Collagen

32
Q

Most common collagen

A

Type I

33
Q

Type I collagen

A

Bone

34
Q

Type II collagen

A

Cartilage: cartwolage

35
Q

Type III collagen

A

Reticulin: vascular

36
Q

Type IV collagen

A

Basement membrane

37
Q

Defective in osteogenesis imperfecta type I

A

Type I collagen

38
Q

Deficient in vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

A

Type III collagen

39
Q

Defective in alport syndrome

A

Type IV collagen

40
Q

Targeted by autoantibodies in Goodpasture syndrome

A

Type IV collagen

41
Q

Scurvy

A

Deficient vitamine C

42
Q

Problems forming collagen triple helix

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

43
Q

Problems with collagen cleavage

A

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

44
Q

Most common form of Osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Autosomal dominant

45
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta findings

A 
BITE:
Bones
I(eye): blue sclerae
Teeth: dental imperfections
Ear: hearing loss
46
Q

X linked recessive connective tissue disease caused byimpaired copper absorption and transport due to deffective ATP7A

A

Menkes disease

47
Q

Mutation in marfan syndrome

A

FBN1 gene - chr 15: defective fibrilin, sheath of elastin

48
Q

Luxation of lenses upward and temporally

A

Marfan syndrome

Step 1 - Biochemistry (7 decks)

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