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Biochem PLE | Des > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Vit B5

A

Pantothenic acid

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2
Q

Korsakoff syndrome

Amnesia, confabulation, hallucinations

A

Vitamin B1/ thiamine

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3
Q

Active forms of niacin
1.
2.

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

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4
Q

What is the energy content of CHON?

A

4 kcal/g

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5
Q

This is a clinical condition where in protein deprivation is relatively greater than the reduction in total calories

A

Kwashiorkor

Edema, stunted growth, enlarged fatty lover, skin lesions and depigmented hair
Very low plasma protein

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6
Q

Kcal/kg/day of sendentary lifestyle

A

30 Kcal/kg/day

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7
Q

This is the highest average intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population

A

Tolerable upper intake level

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8
Q

Active form of vitamin B9

A

Tetrahydrofolate

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9
Q

Active form of cobalamin
1.
2.

A

Methylcobalamin

Deoxyadenosylcobalamin

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10
Q

Storage form of iron

A

Ferritin

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11
Q

Partially denaturated derivative of ferritin

A

Hemosiderin

Predominates when tissue stores are high

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12
Q

This is a clinical condition where in a calorie deprivation is relatively greater than the reduction in protein

A

Marasmus

No edema, extreme muscle wasting, stunted growth, weakness, anemia

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13
Q

Kcal/kg/day of moderately active

A

35 Kcal/kg/day

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14
Q

In vitamin A

This regulates growth, development and tissue differentiation

A

Retinoic acid

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15
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

Maternal deficiency leads to NTDs in fetus

A

Vit B9 deficiency/ folic acid

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16
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

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17
Q

This is a synthetic compound of vitamin K

A

Menadione

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18
Q

Active form of pyridoxine

A

Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate

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19
Q

Active form of vit B1

A

Thiamine pyrophosphate

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20
Q

This is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the requirements of >95% of all individuals in a life stage and gender group

A

Recommended daily allowance

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21
Q 
What are the forms of vitamin A?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A

Retinol
Retinal
Retinoic acid
Beta carotene

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22
Q

Vitamin D3 or

A

Cholecalciferol

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23
Q

Active form of pantothenic acid

A

Coenzyme A

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24
Q

Pellagra

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

A

Vit B3/ niacin

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25
Q

Coenzyme for copper and iron containing hydroxylases

A

Vit C

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26
Q

What is the energy content of fats?

A

9 kcal /gram

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27
Q

In vitamin A
This support gametogenesis
#2

A

Retinol

Retinal

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28
Q

Ethanol –> acetaldehyde

Enzyme?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

NAD–>NADH

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29
Q

This metabolic effects of alcoholism where in lactate competes with urate for excretion by the kidney

A

Hyperuricemia

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30
Q

These are the micronutrients

A

Vitamins and minerals

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31
Q

Inhibitor of oxidation reaction of acetaldehyde –> acetateinhi

A

Disulfiram

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32
Q

The 2 oxidation reactions of alcohol lead to accumulation of what?

A

NADH

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33
Q

Burning foot syndrome

Peripheral nerve damage

A

Vitamin B5/ pantothenic

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34
Q

Acetaldehyde –> acetate

Enzyme?

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

NAD–>NADH

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35
Q

This a coenzyme for pyruvate carboxylase, acetly CoA carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase

A

Biotin

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36
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy

Confusion, ataxia, nystagmus/ ophthalmoplegia

A

Vit B1

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37
Q

This is a metabolic effect of DM where in there is increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue combined with accelerated hepatic fatty acid B-oxidation and synthesis of ketone bodies

A

Ketoacidosis

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38
Q

Coenzyme of
Methionine synthase
Methylmalonyl CoA mutase

A

Vit B12/ cobalamin

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39
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, desquamation and inflammation of tongue

A

Vit B2 deficiency

Riboflavin

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40
Q

To lose 1 pound per week, you need to burn and/or reduce caloric intake by about?

A

500 kcal/day

41
Q

Formiminoglutamic acid (FIGlu) excretion test is used for what vit deficiency

A

Folate

B9 - folic acid

42
Q

100-meter sprint uses what energy?

A

Creatine phosphate

Then anaerobic glycolysis using muscle glycogen as the source of glucose

43
Q

In a sprinter what fibers are used predominantly?

A

Type II (glycolytic)

44
Q

Vitamin B3 or

A

Niacin

45
Q

Normal BMI accdg to WHO?

A

18.5 to 24.9

46
Q

Source of menaquinone

A

Synthesized by intestinal bacteria

47
Q

Active forms of riboflavin
1.
2.

A 
Flavine mononucleotide (FMN)
Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
48
Q

Vitamin H

A

Biotin

49
Q

What is the energy content of CHO?

A

4 kcal/gram

50
Q

BMI of obese accdg to WHO?

A

> /= 30

51
Q

This is a component of the visual pigment rhodopsin

A

11-cis retinal

52
Q

Undermineralized bones in adults

A

Osteomalacia

53
Q

What is the action of disulfiram?

A

Inhibits acetaldehyde –> acetate

54
Q

Prolonged administration of menadione may cause ____ and ____ in infants

A

Hemolytic anemia

Jaundice

55
Q

The active form calcitriol or

A

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

Product of hydroxylation reaction that occur in the liver and kidney

56
Q

This is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of 50% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

A

Estimated average requirement

57
Q

This a metabolic effect of DM where in there is accumulation of VLDLs and chylomicrons

A

Hypertriacylglycerolemia

58
Q

This is a clinical condition where in there is glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia (low HDL and elevated TAGs) and hypertension

A

Metabolic syndrome

59
Q

Least potent vitamin A

A

Beta carotene

60
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamine

61
Q

This is the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain an energy balance in a healthy adult of a defined age, gender and height, whose weight and level of physical activity are consistent with good health

A

Estimated energy requirement

62
Q

Glossitis and neuropathy

Disorders of AA metabolism

A

Vitamin B6/ pyridoxine

63
Q

Erythrocyte TRANSAMINASE assay is used for what vit deficiency

A

Vitamin B6 def/ pyridoxine

64
Q

Kcal/kg/day of very active

A

40 Kcal/kg/day

65
Q

This causes hemorrhagic disease in newborns

A

Vit K deficiency

66
Q

In a marathon runner what type of fibers are used predominantly?

A

Type I (oxidative)

67
Q

Methylmalonic acid test is used for what vit deficiency

A

Vit B12

Cobalamin

68
Q

This is the least toxic of the fat-soluble vitamin and is a major antioxidant

A

Vitamin E

69
Q

In chronic alcoholics they use microsomal ethanol oxidation system as an alternate pathway which occurs in SER and requires?

A

CYP2E1

Form cytochrome P450 family of enzymes

70
Q

Undermineralized bones in children

A

Rickets

71
Q

What is the energy content of ketones?

A

4 kcal/g

72
Q

Loss of sensitivity to green light, nyctalopia, xerophthalmia, blindness

A

Vit A deficiency

73
Q

Active form of biotin

A

Enzyme bound biotin

74
Q

Vitamin B2 or

A

Riboflavin

75
Q

These are included in macronutrients

A

Fats
Carbohydrates
Protein

76
Q

Marathon uses what major source of energy?

A

Oxidative phospoylation

Aerobic metabolism

77
Q

Absorption of this vitamin is inhibited by egg whites

A

Biotin

78
Q

This causes flushing, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and nausea

A

Acetaldehyde

79
Q

Component of egg whites that inhibits Vit H

A

Avidin

80
Q 
Vit B1 is a coenzyme for 
1.
2.
3.
4.
A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (pinaka-maarte)
alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (pinaka-maarte)
Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase
Transketolases

81
Q

This is the energy expenditure at rest but not asleep

A

Resting (basal) metabolic rate

82
Q

Scurvy

Sore spongy gums, loose teeth, poor wound healing, bone fracture

A

Vit C deficiency

83
Q

Vitamin D2 or

A

Ergocalciferol

84
Q

Enhances absorption of inorganic iron

A

Vitamin C

85
Q

VitamIn B12

A

Cobalamin

86
Q

Erythrocyte TRANSKETOLASE activity assay is used for what vit deficiency

A

Vit B1/ thiamine

87
Q

Isoniazid use can cause what deficiency?

A

Vit B3/ niacin

88
Q

In vitamin A

This is an antioxidant

A

Beta carotene

89
Q

What is the energy content of alcohol?

A

7 kcal/gram

90
Q

Fatty liver occurs when there id an imbalance between ____ and ____

A

Triacyglycerol synthesis and VLDL secretion

91
Q 
Coenzyme for:
Transamination of amino acids
Decarboxylation of glutamate and histidine
ALA synthase
Cystathionine synthase
Synthesis of niacin from tryptophan
Glycogen phosphorylase
A

Vitamin B6/ pyridoxine

92
Q

Beriberi

A

Vit B1/ thiamine

93
Q

Inhibits lypolysis in adipose tissue and is used to treat hyperlipidemia

A

Vit B3/ niacin

94
Q

Vitamin B9

A

Folic acid

95
Q

Pernicious anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord

A

Vit B12 deficiency

Cobalamin

96
Q

Schilling test is used for what vit deficiency

A

Vitamin B12

Cobalamin

97
Q

Forms of Vit E

A

Tocopherol

Tocotrienol

98
Q

Source of phylloquinone

A

Green vegetables

Biochem PLE | Des (5 decks)

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