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Quiz 2 Fundamental > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

recommended fiber intake for men and women

A

25g

38g

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2
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite

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3
Q

bmi

A

ratio of height to weight

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4
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing or inability to swallow

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5
Q

enteral nutrition

A

alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the GI tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula

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6
Q

gastrostomy

A

opening created in stomach

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7
Q

basal metabolism

A

energy required to carry on the involuntary activities of the body at rest - energy needed to sustain the metabolic activities of cells and tissues

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8
Q

bmr

A

basal metabolic rate
men have a higher BMR than women
maintaining body temp, propelling food through GI tract, inflating lungs, contracting hear muscle

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9
Q

underweight BMI

A

below 18.5

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10
Q

healthy BMI

A

18.5 to 24.9

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11
Q

overweight BMI

A

25 to 29.9

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12
Q

obese BMI

A

30 or greater

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13
Q

extreme obesity

A

greater than or equal to 40

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14
Q

waist circumference - women and men overweight

A

greater than 35, greater than 40

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15
Q

carbohydrates

A

provide energy
regulate fat and protein metabolism
regulate cardiac and cns function

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16
Q

3 macronutrients

A

carbs
protein
lipids

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17
Q

glycogen

A

stored carb energy in liver and muscles

released in between meals to help regulate blood sugar

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18
Q

Carbohydrates

A

4 cal/g

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19
Q

Protein function

A 
tissue building
metabolism
immune function
neutral nitrogen balance
wound healing
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20
Q

complete proteins

A

animal sources
soy
all 9 essential amino acids

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21
Q

incomplete proteins

A

lack some essential amino acids
plant proteins
can have to incomplete that can combine to form complete (rice and beans)

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22
Q

Proteins

A

4 cal/g

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23
Q

Fats

A

saturated fats

unsaturated fats

24
Q

Fat function

A 
stored energy
insulation
hormone production
absorption of fat soluble vitamins
cellular transport
25
Q

cholesterol

A

limited to 200 - 300 mg a day

26
Q

fats

A

9 cal/g of energy

27
Q

what is the only animal source for carbs

A

lactose

28
Q

two types of carbohydrates

A

simple or complex sugars - converted to glucose for transport through the blood

29
Q

how much carbohydrates are needed daily to prevent ketosis?

A

50 - 100 g

30
Q

What is the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for adults for protein

A

0.8g/kg of body weight

10% to 35% total calorie intake

31
Q

why do men have higher BMR?

A

large muscle mass

32
Q

Factors that increase BMR

A

growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperatures, elevated levels of certain hormones

33
Q

Factors that decrease BMR

A

aging, prolonged fasting, sleep

34
Q

2 classifications for vitamins

A

water soluble or fat soluble

35
Q

what are vitamins needed for

A

metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats

36
Q

how are vitamins absorbed

A

through intestinal wall directly into blood stream

37
Q

water soluble vitamins

A

vitamin c

B complex vitamins (absorbic acid, thiamin, riboflacin, niacin, pyridoxine, biotin, folate and cobalamin)

38
Q

how are water soluble vitamins excreted

A

through the urine

39
Q

4 fat soluble vitamins

A

vitamins A, D, E, K

40
Q

how are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

absorbed with fat into the lymphatic system. They must be attached to a protein to be transported thru the blood.

41
Q

Where are excess fat soluble vitamins stored

A

stored in the liver and adipose tissue - because they are stored a daily intake is not necessary and deficiency symptoms may take weeks, months, years to develop

excessive intake of vitamins A and D is toxic

42
Q

minerals

A

inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues in the form of salts or combined with organic compounds (iron in hemoglobin)

43
Q

Function of minerals

A
  • provide structure within the body

- whereas others help to regulate body processes

44
Q

macrominerals

A

bulk minerals
needed by the body in amounts greater than 100 mg.day
calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chloride, potassium and magnesium

45
Q

microminerals

A

trace elements needed by the body in amounts less than 100 mg/day

iron, zinc, manganese, chromium, copper, iodine

46
Q

how much does water account for in total weight

A

50-60%

47
Q

2/3 of the body’s water is kept where

A

within cells intracellular fluid

remainder is in the extracellular fluid - plasma, intersitial fluid

48
Q

water functions

A
  • provides fluids medium necessary for all chemical reactions
  • acts as a solvent and aids digestion, absorption, circulation and excretion
49
Q

6 risk factors for poor nutritional health

A 
development
gender
state of health
alcohol abuse
medications
megadoses of nutrient supplements
50
Q

BUN & creatnine measure what

A

kidney

protein supplements can lead to kidney disease

51
Q

factors asessing for nutritional status

A

waist circumference, BMI, height and weight

52
Q

nursing interventions for nutrition

A 
teaching nutritional info
monitor nutritional status
stimulating appetite
assisting with eating
provide oral nutrition
provide long term nutritional support
53
Q

short term nutritional support

A

NG tube

nasaljejjunal tube

54
Q

how to confirm NG tube placement

A

radiographic exam
measure of aspirate pH and visual assessment of aspirate
measurement of tube length and tube marking
carbon dioxide monitoring

55
Q

long term nutritional support

A

enterostomal tube may be placed through opening in stomach or jejunum

56
Q

malabsorption disease

A

small intestine

Quiz 2 Fundamental (7 decks)

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