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Quiz 2 Fundamental > Diabetes Mellitus > Flashcards

Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards

1
Q

What organ is compromised by diabetes

A

pancreas.

Normally beta cells in pancreas secrete insulin

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2
Q

what does insulin do in the body

A

moves glucose out of the blood into tissues for fuel. glucose is important in the brain

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3
Q

Diabetes is…

A

a chronic disease
deficiency of insulin
decreased ability of the body to use insulin (insulin resistant)

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4
Q

risk factors

A 
family history
obesity
ethnicity
age greater than or equal to 45
previous impaired glucose fasting
bp greater than 140/90
high HDL cholesterol
history of gestational diabetes or delivering 9 pound babies
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5
Q

health impact of diabetes

A 
7th leading cause of death
decrease life expectancy 5 to 10 years
blindness
amputation
nerve damage
cardiovascular disease
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6
Q

hormone involved with diabetes

A

insulin

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7
Q

inability for men to get an erection because of diabetes

A

impotency

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8
Q

critical biomarker for glucose control

A

glycosylated hemoglobin

HbA1c

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9
Q

form of diabetes management that keeps blood glucose as close to normal as possible

A

Tight control

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10
Q

two names for type I diabetes

A

insulin dependent

juvenile onset diabetes

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11
Q

time frame for physical daily activity

A

30 min

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12
Q

improves your body’s use of insulin, blood sugar and fat

A

exercise

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13
Q

Healthy BMI range

A

19 - 25

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14
Q

raises bad cholesterol and lowers good cholesterol

A

trans fats

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15
Q

puts you at added risk for complications from diabetes

A

overweight

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16
Q

prediabetes blood glucose level after fasting plasma glucose test

A

100 - 125 mg/dl

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17
Q

gestational diabetes

A

2nd and 3rd trimester

glucose returns to normal after delivery

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18
Q

secondary diabetes

A

genetic defects of beta cells
endocrine disorders/excess hormones
drugs or chemically induced

19
Q

metabolic syndrome has to have 3 out of 5 of the following

A 
increased glucose levels
abdominal obesity
increased BP
high levels of triglycerides
decreased HDL (good cholesterol)
20
Q

Type 1 signs and symptoms

A 
increased urination
increased thirst
increased hunger
weight loss
fatigue
increased frequency of infections
rapid onset
21
Q

what type of infection indicates high blood sugar

A

yeast infections

22
Q

polyuria

A

increased urinations

23
Q

polydipsia

A

increased thirst

24
Q

polyphagia

A

increased hunger

25
Q

hemoglobin A1C level

A

6.5% or higher

26
Q

fasting plasma glucose level

A

higher than 126mg/dL

27
Q

two hour plasma glucose level during OGTT

A

200 mg/dL (with glucose load of 75 g) or higher

28
Q

ketonuria

A

ketones in urine

29
Q

hemoglobin A1C

A

reflects glucose levels over past 2 to 3 months
% of hemoglobin that is glycolated (has glucose attached)
goal: less than 6.5% or 7%

30
Q

why is insulin necessary

A

allows glucose into cells. otherwise remains in blood stream

31
Q

when blood glucose remains in circulations

A

it acts like the person is starving in the midst of plenty

32
Q

Exogenous insulin

A

outside source insulin
required for type 1
only prescribed for type 2 when they cannot control blood glucose by other means

33
Q

rapid acting insulin

A

onset 10 - 30 min
peak at 30 min
3-5 hours

humulog
Novolog

34
Q

Short acting

A

onset: 30 min to 1 hour
Peak: 2-5 hours
duration: 5-8hours

Humulin R, Novolin R

35
Q

intermediate acting insulin

A

onset: 1.5 - 4 hours
peak: 4-12 hours
duration: 12 - 18 hour

NPH

36
Q

Long acting insulin

A

lantus
levemir

onset: 0.8-4 hours
peak: not pronounced
duration: 24 hours

37
Q

3 areas of education

A

diabetes prevention
management/self care
prevention of complications

38
Q

Type II diabetes uses

A

hypoglycemic agents orally

39
Q

type 1 “tight control” goal

A

helps avoid complications

goal: HgbA1C < 7

40
Q

why does tight control not work for type 2

A

mixed results
increased death in order diabetics
individualized

hypoglycemia is a dangerous complication of tight control

41
Q

benefits of type 2 diabetes

A

-increases glucose utilization by tissue, lowering glucose in the blood
-reduces body fat
-reduces triglycerides and LDL
reduces risk of cardiac disease

42
Q

when to avoid exercise

A

when BD > 250 and ketones
don’t inject insulin into body parts exercised (lactic acid build up increases temperature, increases absorption rate of insulin)
consume extra carbs
have sourse of sugar available before and after exercise

43
Q

hot and dry

A

sugar high

44
Q

cold and clammy

A

need some candy

follow with carb and protein so BS stays stable

Quiz 2 Fundamental (7 decks)

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