Nutrition Flashcards
A newborn typically loses up to _____of birth weight (BW) in the first week of life due to elimination of large amount of extravascular fluid
10%
NB Should regain or surpass BW by_______
2 weeks.
An infant typically doubles BW by______months and triples by ______
6
1 year.
Between age_________: 3–6 growth spurts each year for 8-week periods each;
6 and 12 years
myelination complete by age_________
7
Height percentile at age ___________ correlates with final adult height percentile.
2 years
Weight/height <5th percentile is the single best growth curve indicator for__________
acute malnutrition.
BMI is accepted as best clinical indicator for measure of ____________
under- and overweight
For bone age-reference standards, use radiographs of ________
left hand and wrist
maturity is linked more to ________ than chronologic age.
sexual maturity
Bone age = Chronological age,
Normal
Abn
Genetic (familial) short stature
Genetic, Chromosomal
Bone age < Chronological age
Normal
Abn
Constitutional delay
- Chronic systemic disease
- Endocrine related
Bone age ≥ Chronological age
Normal
Abn
Obesity (tall) Familial tall stature
• Precocious puberty
• Congenital adrenal
hyperplasia
• Hyperthyroidism
child is short prior to onset of delayed adolescent growth
spurt; parents are of normal height; normal final adult height is reached; growth spurt and puberty are delayed; bone age delayed compared to chronological age.
Constitutional growth delay
patient is parallel to growth curve; strong family history of
short stature; chronologic age equals bone age
Familial short stature
___________patient may start out in normal range but then starts crossing growth percentiles
Pathologic short stature
Syndromes asstd with tall stature
homocystinuria, Sotos, Klinefelter
Initial dxtics for malnourished child
Initial diagnostic tests (when organic causes are suspected)document caloric intake, CBC, urinalysis, liver function tests, serum protein, sweat chloride, stool for
ova and parasites
Manifestations of non-organic FTT
– A flat occiput and hair loss may indicate excessive back-lying
– Delays in social and speech development
– Avoidance of eye contact, expressionless, no cuddling response
Dxtic test for obesity
– BMI >95% for age and sex is diagnostic of obesity
– 85 to 95% = overweight
Normal newborn has sufficient stores of iron to meet requirements for_______ months, but iron stores and absorption are variable
4–6
Formula is supplemented with ______; breast fed must be supplemental from birth (400 IU/d).
vitamin D
What form of immunity is passed in BF
passive transfer of T-cell immunity
Contraindications to BF
– HIV – CMV, HSV (if lesions on breast) – HBV (see note) – Acute maternal disease if infant does not have disease (tuberculosis, sepsis) – Breast cancer – Substance abuse
