Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CKPeds > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Inheritance of Cleft Lip

A

Most are multifactorial inheritance; also autosomal dominant in families (most with isolated cleft palate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Tx of CLAP

A

Treatment—surgical correction
− Lip at 3 months of age
− Palate at <1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of chronic diarrhea (infant)

A 
• Postinfectious lactase
deficiency
• Milk/soy intolerance
• Chronic diarrhea of
infancy
• Celiac disease
• Cystic fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of chronic diarrhea (child)

A 
Postinfectious
lactase deficiency
• Irritable bowel
syndrome
• Celiac disease
• Lactose intolerance
• Giardiasis
• Inflammatory bowel
disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Causes of chronic diarrhea (adolescent)

A 
Irritable bowel
syndrome
• Inflammatory
bowel disease
• Lactose intolerance
• Giardiasis
• Laxative abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diarrhea associated with:

Nurseries, daycare

A

Enteropathogenic E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Enteropathogenic E. coli TX

A

Supportive care in severe cases, neomycin or colistin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enterotoxigenic /Traveler’s diarrhea

_______

A

E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enterotoxigenic /Traveler’s diarrhea Tx

A

Supportive care trimetho prim-sulfamethoxazole in severe

cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enterhemorrhagic E. coli Association

A

Hemorrhagic colitis, HUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Enterhemorrhagic E. coli Tx

A

No antimicrobial therapy in suspected cases due to ↑ risk

of HUS; supportive care only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Salmonella Tx

A

Treatment indicated only for patients who are ≤3 months

of age, toxic, has disseminated disease, or S. typhi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Shigela Tx

A

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Diarrhea caused by person to person sprad

A

Shigella, Campylobacter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx of Campylobacter

A

Self-limiting; erythromycin speeds recovery and reduces

carrier state; recommended for severe disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Yersinia enterocolitica Tx

A

No antibiotic therapy; aminoglycosides plus a third-generation cephalosporin for infants ≤3 months of age or with culture-proven septicemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bacteria asstd with food poisoning

A

Staphylococcus aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Tx for Cryptosporidium

A

Raising CD4 count to normal is best treatment. No proven
therapy (antimicrobial); strong supportive care; may try
rifabutin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What syndrome?

– Pancreatic insufficiency
– Neutropenia
– Malabsorption

A

Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dx

– Lymph fluid leaks into bowel lumen
– Steatorrhea
– Protein-losing enteropathy

A

Intestinal lymphangiectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Dx

– Osmotic diarrhea
– Acidic stools

A

Disaccaridase Deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dx

– Severe fat malabsorption
form birth
– Acanthocytes
– Very low to absent plasma
cholesterol, triglycerides, etc.
A

Abetalipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

° Weight, height, and nutritional status is normal, and no fat in stool
° Excessive intake of fruit juice, carbonated fluids, low fat intake usually present in history

A

Chronic nonspecific diarrhea of infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diarrhea with carbohydrates—__________

A

CHO malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Weight loss and stool with high fat—______

A

think malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dxtics for fat malabsorption

° Most useful screening test is stool for fat ______
° Confirm with ______

A

(Sudan red stain)

72-hour stool for fecal fat (gold standard for steatorrhea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Steatorrhea is most prominent with _______ all require a

sweat chloride

A

pancreatic insufficiency;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Serum _______ is also a good screen (reflects residual pancreatic function)

A

trypsinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

CHO malabsorption—screen with ______

A

reducing substances in stool (Clinitest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Test for CHO malabsorption

___________—after a known CHO load, the collected breath hydrogen is analyzed and malabsorption of the specific CHO is identified

A

Breath hydrogen test

31
Q

Screening for CHON malabsorption

A

Screen—spot stool α1-antitrypsin level

32
Q

_________—only common primary infection causing chronic malabsorption

A

Giardiasis

33
Q

Small-bowel disease causing malabsorption—
1
2
3

A

gluten enteropathy, abetalipoproteinemia, lymphangiectasia

34
Q

Esophageal Atresia (EA) and Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) types

A

– Isolated EA
– Isolated (H-type) TEF
– EA and distal TEF

35
Q

What type of EA

presents chronically and diagnosed later in life with chronic respiratory problems

A

H-type—

36
Q

Tx of EA with TEF

A

Treatment—surgical ligation of TEF and resection with end-to-end anastomosis of esophageal atresia

37
Q

What is the dx?

− Postprandial regurgitation
− Signs of esophagitis—arching, irritability, feeding aversion, failure to thrive
− Obstructive apnea, stridor, lower airway disease (cough, wheezing

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

38
Q

GERD Dx

______—quantitative and sensitive documentation
of acid reflux (normal pH in lower esophagus is <4 only 5−8% of time)

A

Esophageal pH monitoring (best test)

39
Q

Endoscopy findings of GERD

A

Endoscopy—erosive esophagitis and complications

40
Q

GERD

_______—to document aspiration

A

Radionucleotide scintigraphy (Tc)

41
Q

GERD Tx

_______—first-line with overall best safety profile

A

H2-receptor antagonist (ranitidine, cimetidine, famotidine)

42
Q

GERD Tx

________—most potent for severe reflux and esophagitis

A

Proton pump inhibitor (omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole)

43
Q

GERD Type of Sx

A

fundoplication for refractory esophagitis, strictures, chronic pulmonary disease, continued obstructive apnea

44
Q

What is the dx

− Nonbilious, projectile vomiting
− Still hungry and desire to feed more
− Usually age ≥3 weeks (1 week to 5 months)

A

Pyloric Stenosis

45
Q

Dx of Pyloric Stenosis

A

best test is ultrasound (a target-like appearance in cross-section)

46
Q

Tx of Pyloric Stenosis

A

− Rehydrate, correct electrolytes (NaCl, KCl)

− Pyloromyotomy

47
Q

MC association with Duodenal Atresia

A

Down syndrome

48
Q

Other associations with Duodenal atresia

A

malrotation, esophageal atresia, congenital heart defects, anorectal malformation, renal anomalies

49
Q

Clinical presentation of duodenal atresia

A

− Bilious vomiting without abdominal distention on first day of life (obstruction
just distal to ampulla)
− Polyhydramnios prenatally
− Many with jaundice (increased enterohepatic circulation)

50
Q

Xray of duodenal atresia

A

X-ray shows classic double bubble with no distal bowel gas.

51
Q

Xray of duodenal atresia

A

Surgery—duodenoduodenostomy

52
Q

− Incomplete rotation of intestine during fetal development

− Superior mesenteric artery acts as axis for rotation

A

Malrotation and Volvulus

53
Q

Malrotation and Volvulus

______ may extend from cecum to right upper quadrant (RUQ) to produce
duodenal obstruction

A

Ladd bands

54
Q

SSx of Malrotation and Volvulus

A

− Most present in first year of life with acute or chronic incomplete obstruction
− Bilious emesis, recurrent abdominal pain with vomiting

55
Q

An acute small-bowel obstruction in a patient without previous bowel surgery is
suspicious for_________

A

volvulus (acute surgical abdomen)

56
Q

Barium enema of volvulus

A

Barium enema shows malposition of cecum (mobile cecum is not situated in the
right lower quadrant); upper gastrointestinal will show malposition of ligament of
Treitz

57
Q

UTZ findings of volvulus

A

Ultrasound will show inversion of superior mesenteric artery and vein (superior
mesenteric vein to the left of the artery is suggestive) and duodenal obstruction
with thickened bowel loops to the right of the spine

58
Q

Etiology of Meckel Diverticulum

A

− Remnant of embryonic yolk sac (omphalomesenteric or vitelline duct), lining similar to stomach
− Most frequent congenital gastrointestinal anomaly

59
Q

CX of Meckel

A

May have partial or complete bowel obstruction (lead point for an intussusception)
or develop diverticulitis and look like acute appendicitis (much less common
presentation

60
Q

Dx of Meckel

A

Meckel radionuclide scan (Tc-99m pertechnetate

61
Q

MC type of intussusception

A

most ileal-colic

62
Q

intussusception usually follows what infection?

A

Commonly following adenovirus or rotavirus infection, upper respiratory infection,
otitis media

63
Q

Other associations of intussusception

A

Associated with HSP (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)

64
Q

intussusception may also occur with a leading point such as?

A

Meckel diverticulum, polyp, neurofibroma,

hemangioma, malignancy

65
Q

Pathophysio of “black currant jelly” stool

A

bowel drags mesentery with it and produces arterial and venous obstruction and mucosal necrosis

66
Q

SSx of intussusception

A

− Sudden onset of severe paroxysmal colicky abdominal pain; straining, legs flexed
− Progressive weakness
− Lethargy, shock with fever

67
Q

PE of intussusception

A

slightly tender, sausage-shaped mass on right in cephalocaudal axis

68
Q

DX and Tx of Intu

______ is the next study of choice as it is far safer than the previously-used barium enema (0.1 vs. 2.5% risk of perforation); it may be therapeutic and prevent the need for immediate surgery

A

Air enema

69
Q

Tx of Intu

________—most will reduce if done within
48 hours of presentation (goes down to half after that time)

A

Radiographic reduction under fluoroscopy

70
Q

If surgical—if manual operative reduction is not possible or bowel is not viable,
then __________

A

resection and end-to-end anastomosis

71
Q

PE of Functional Constipation

A

large volume of stool palpated in suprapubic area; rectal

exam shows vault filled with stool

72
Q

Etiology of Hirschprung

A

absence of a ganglion cells in bowel wall beginning at internal anal sphincter
and extending variably proximally

73
Q

SSx of Hirschprung

A

− Suspect in any full-term infant with a delay in passage of meconium (>24 hours)

74
Q

TX of Hirschprung

A 
Treatment—surgery (most with temporary colostomy) and wait 6−12 months for
definitive correction (most achieve continence)

CKPeds (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions