NUTRITION

Question 1

nutrients

Answer 1

substances we must have in our diet to survive.

water and food

Question 2

opportunistic feeders

Answer 2

eat food outside of the norm if their preferred diet is unavailable

Question 3

suspension feeders

Answer 3

take up nutrients from the water by moving

ex. whales

Question 4

substrate feeders

Answer 4

eat and immediately defecate

Question 5

fluid feeders

Answer 5

intake nutrients in liquids

ex. mosquitoes

Question 6

bulk feeders

Answer 6

eat meals. most organisms do this.

ex. snakes, humans

Question 7

3 nutrients needed

Answer 7

fuel
essential nutrients
biosynthetic materials

Question 8

fuel

Answer 8

runs all the cellular processes of the body

Question 9

essential nutrients

Answer 9

compounds needed to survive that we can not make from ANY food.
ex. vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids

Question 10

biosynthetic material

Answer 10

organic raw materials to synthesize own molecules

ex. carbon skeletons; nitrogen

Question 11

energy balance

Answer 11

energy intake=energy expenditure

Question 12

negative energy balance

Answer 12

calories in< energy expenditure

weight loss

Question 13

positive energy balance

Answer 13

calories in> energy expenditure

weight gain

Question 14

malnourished

Answer 14

lacking one or more essential nutrients

Question 15

undernourished

Answer 15

caloric deficiency

Question 16

histidine

Answer 16

one extra amino acid in children

Question 17

decrease in fatty acids can lead to

Answer 17

increased infections, scaly rash, decreased growth in children

Question 18

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 18

A, D, E, K

stored in body fat. overconsumption more likely leads to toxicity

Question 19

water soluble vitamins

Answer 19

excreted in urine.

B1, B2, niacin, B6, pantothenic acid, folic acid, B12, biotin, C

Question 20

macrominerals

Answer 20

need more than 200 mg/day

calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfer

Question 21

trace minerals

Answer 21

need less than 200 mg/day

chromium, cobalt, copper, flourine, iodine, iron, magananse, molybdenum, nickel, slelenium, vanadium, zinc

Question 22

specific hungers

Answer 22

if you are deficient in something you will subconsciously choose foods with that substance.
ex. rat with thiamine