NUTRITION Flashcards
nutrients
substances we must have in our diet to survive.
water and food
opportunistic feeders
eat food outside of the norm if their preferred diet is unavailable
suspension feeders
take up nutrients from the water by moving
ex. whales
substrate feeders
eat and immediately defecate
fluid feeders
intake nutrients in liquids
ex. mosquitoes
bulk feeders
eat meals. most organisms do this.
ex. snakes, humans
3 nutrients needed
fuel
essential nutrients
biosynthetic materials
fuel
runs all the cellular processes of the body
essential nutrients
compounds needed to survive that we can not make from ANY food.
ex. vitamins, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids
biosynthetic material
organic raw materials to synthesize own molecules
ex. carbon skeletons; nitrogen
energy balance
energy intake=energy expenditure
negative energy balance
calories in< energy expenditure
weight loss
positive energy balance
calories in> energy expenditure
weight gain
malnourished
lacking one or more essential nutrients
undernourished
caloric deficiency
histidine
one extra amino acid in children
decrease in fatty acids can lead to
increased infections, scaly rash, decreased growth in children
fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
stored in body fat. overconsumption more likely leads to toxicity
water soluble vitamins
excreted in urine.
B1, B2, niacin, B6, pantothenic acid, folic acid, B12, biotin, C
macrominerals
need more than 200 mg/day
calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfer
trace minerals
need less than 200 mg/day
chromium, cobalt, copper, flourine, iodine, iron, magananse, molybdenum, nickel, slelenium, vanadium, zinc
specific hungers
if you are deficient in something you will subconsciously choose foods with that substance.
ex. rat with thiamine
