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Health and human > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Anaemia

A

a condition characterised by a reduced ability of the body to deliver enough oxygen to the cells due to a lack of healthy red blood cells

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2
Q

Cholesterol

A

a type of fat required for optimal functioning of the body that in excess can lead to a range of health concerns including the blocking of arteries (atherosclerosis). Can be ‘bad’ low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or ‘good’ high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

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3
Q

Collagen

A

brous protein found in connective tissue that is

the main component of cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bone and skin

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4
Q

Discretionary foods

A

includes foods and drinks not necessary to provide the nutrients the body needs, but that may add variety. However, many of these are high in saturated fats, sugars, salt and/or alcohol, and are therefore described as energy dense.

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5
Q

Fortified

A

having a nutrient arti cially added to increase nutritional value

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6
Q

Hard tissue

A

tissues in the body that form hard substances such as bones, teeth and cartilage

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7
Q

Soft tissue

A

organs and tissues in the body that connect, support or surround other structures. They include skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments, collagen and organs.

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8
Q

Vegan

A

a type of vegetarianism that excludes foods of animal origin including eggs and dairy

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9
Q

Define behavioural determinants

A

The actions or patterns of living of an individual or group that affect health.

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10
Q

What are some behavioural determenents

A

Sun protection, physical activity, substance use, alcohol use, sexual practises, friendships, seeking help from health professionals.

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11
Q

Define Physical environment

A

The physical surroundings in which we live, work and play.

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12
Q

What are the six main categories of nutrients.

A

Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, Water.

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13
Q

What are the nutrients required for energy production?

A

Carbohyrdates, Fats, Proteins, B group vitamins, Iron, Water

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14
Q

What are the nutrients required for blood production?

A

Protein, C vitamin, Fats, A vitamin, Iron, B6 folate B12, Water.

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15
Q

Function of carbohydrates

A

Provide fuel for energy

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16
Q

Function of fibre

A

Preventing constipation, provide feeling of fullness.

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17
Q

Function of protein

A

Build, maintain, repair body cells.

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18
Q

What are the good fats?

A

Monounsaturated and Polyunsaturated

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19
Q

What are sources of good fats (mono and poly)?

A

Avocado, oily fish, olive oil, nuts, seeds.

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20
Q

What are sources of bad fats (trans and sat)?

A

Fatty cuts of meat, full-cream milk, cheese, baked goods.

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21
Q

Sources of carbohydrates?

A

Rice, pasta, bread, cereals, veg, fruits, honey.

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22
Q

Sources of protein?

A

Nuts, beans, lentils, tofu, animal products, plants.

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23
Q

Function of water

A

Required for all chemical reactions in the body to create energy.

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24
Q

Function of calcium

A

Building of bone and other hard tissues.

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25
Q

Sources of calcium?

A

Dairy products- milk, cheese, yogurt, tofu.

26
Q

Function of iron

A

Essential part of blood

27
Q

Source of iron

A

Red meat, leafy green veg, brown rice, tofu.

28
Q

Function of Vitamin A

A

Cell division, growth in the body.

29
Q

Source of Vitamin A?

A

Red, yellow, orange coloured fruit and veg - raw carrots, sweet potatoes, squash, spinach, rockmelon.

30
Q

Function of Vitamin D?

A

Absorption of calcium from intestine into the bloodstream.

31
Q

Source of vitamin D

A

Exposure to sunlight, fish, beef liver, cheese, egg yolks.

32
Q

Function of vitamin C

A

Structure of tissues within the body and is required for building collagen.

33
Q

Source of vitamin C

A

Fruit and veg - kiwi fruit, broccoli, citrus fruit.

34
Q

Function of B vitamin groups

A

B1, B2, B3, essential in process of metabolising or converting fuels into energy.

35
Q

Source of B vitamin groups

A

Vegemite, wholegrain cereals and breads, eggs, meat, fish, dark green leafy veg, milk.

36
Q

What does BMR stand for?

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

37
Q

Define BMR

A

the amount of energy required to sustain basic functioning of the human body.

38
Q

What factors influence BMR?

A

Age, growth, body size, body type, dieting, sex, environmental temperature

39
Q

What is the result of carbohydrate deficiency?

A

Lack of energy.

40
Q

What is the result of protein deficiency?

A

Muscle weakness.

41
Q

What is the result of fat deficiency?

A

Bad skin

42
Q

What is the result of water deficiency?

A

Not enough energy to participate in physical activities.

43
Q

What is the result of calcium deficiency?

A

Osteoporosis, arthritis, weak bones.

44
Q

What is the result of iron deficiency?

A

Anaemia

45
Q

What is the result of Vitamin A deficiency?

A

Frequent infections

46
Q

What is the result of Vitamin D deficiency?

A

Low levels of calcium being absorbed and bones become weak.

47
Q

What is the result of Vitamin C deficiency?

A

Skurvy, gum disease.

48
Q

What is the result of B group vitamin deficiency?

A

Lack of energy, lowed growth of hard and soft tissues.

49
Q

Short term consequences of nutrient imbalance

A

Lack of energy, constipation, dehydration

50
Q

Long term consequences of nutrient imbalance

A

Dental caries, underweight, overweight, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, anaemia, risk of infection.

51
Q

What is a glycaemic index?

A

a scale from 0 to 100 indicating the effect on blood glucose of foods containing carbohydrates.

52
Q

What are the three food selection models?

A

Australias Guide to Healthy Eating, Australian Dietary Guidelines, Healthy Living Pyramid.

53
Q

What are the three determinants of health?

A

Behavioural, physical environment, social environment.

54
Q

What are some physical environment determinants?

A

Tobacco smoke, housing environment, work environment, access to recreational facilities.

55
Q

Define Social environment

A

Aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health.

56
Q

What are some social environment determinants?

A

Family cohesion, socioeconomic status of parents, media. community and civic participation, access to education.

57
Q

What are the four types of development?

A

PIES, Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social.

58
Q

What are the three dimensions of health?

A

Physical, social, mental

59
Q

What are the nutrients required for soft tissue development?

A

Protein, folate, vitamin C, fats, vitamin A, water

60
Q

What are the nutrients required for hard tissue development?

A

Protien, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, calcium, vitamin D

Health and human (4 decks)

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