aos 1 - chapter 1 Flashcards
Define genetic potential
the genetic capabilities and limitations of an individuals genetic makeup
Define developmental milestone
a significant skill or event occurring in a persons life; for example learning to walk, getting a job or having children.
Define self concept
Relates to how someone sees themselves
Define gross motor skills
The manipulation and coordination of large muscle groups such as those in the arms and legs.
Example of internal physical development
increase in the size of your heart
Characteristic of prenatal stage - fertilisation-birth
Development of the body organs and structures
What does the hormone thyroxine do, where is it secreted?
Regulates metabolism, which is required to produce the extra energy required for the changes that occur during puberty.
Secreted in the thyroid gland.
What is oestrogen responsible for, where is it secreted?
Responsible for development of female sex characteristics, breast development and regulation of menstrual cycle.
It is secreted in the ovaries.
What is the growth hormone responsible for, what gland secretes it?
Triggers growth when released, during puberty it is released in larger amounts, increasing the rate of growth. It is produced in the pituitary gland.
Characteristic of early childhood stage. 3 years - 6 years.
Slow, steady growth. Eg making friends.
What are the 8 stages of life, including ages of each?
Prenatal - fertilisation-birth Infancy - birth-2 years Early childhood - 3 years-6 years Late childhood - 6 years-12 years Youth - 12 years-18 years Early adulthood - 18 years-40 years Middle adulthood - 40 years-65 years Late adulthood - 65 years-death
Define social health
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Define physical health
The body and its systems and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
What is BMI, how is it used?
Body Mass Index, is a measure of body mass to height, used to ascertain overweight or obesity levels.
Define fine motor skills
The manipulation and coordination of small muscle groups such as those in the hands.
What are the two types of sex characteristics?
Primary and secondary sex characteristics
Define puberty
Biological changes that occur during youth and prepare the individual for sexual reproduction.
What is the hormone that starts puberty, where is it released?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Released from the hypothalamus.
Define social development
The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.
What are concrete thoughts? Include example.
Concrete thoughts refer to physical objects you can see. An example of concrete thoughts include something you can see.
What are abstract thoughts? Include example.
Abstract thoughts are being able to think about concepts and ideas. An example of abstract thoughts is anything that doesn’t have to be physically there.
Define hormone
A chemical messenger that results in changes in the body.
Define self esteem
Confidence in ones own worth or abilities.
Define health
’ a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. ‘
What is meant by interrelationships?
All four areas of development influence echother, they are interrelated.
Define lifespan
The span between birth and death.
Example of external physical development
Change in height
What are the two types of motor skills?
Gross and fine.
Define complexity
The quality of being intricate or complete
Define biological detreminent
Factors relating to the body that affect health (e.g. genetics, hormones, body weight)
Define primary sex characteristics, include example.
Body parts that are directly involved in reproduction and form what are commonly referred to as genitals and organs of reproduction.
Eg first ovulation - women
testes grow - men
Characteristics of early adulthood stage. 18 - 40 years.
Reaching bodies physical peak, and decline in body systems thereafter.
Characteristics of late childhood. 6 - 12 years.
Slow, steady growth. Eg refining reading and writing skills.
Characteristic of youth stage. 12 years - 18 years.
Vast physical changes, in order to achieve sexual maturity.
What are the four types of development?
PIES - physical, intellectual, emotional, social
Characteristics of middle adulthood. 40 years - 65 years.
Stability in work and relationships
Characteristic of infancy stage. birth - 2 years.
Period of rapid growth with many changes.
What are the four determinants ?
Biological, behavioural, social, physical environment.
What are the hormones which act on the testes and ovaries to release testosterone and oestrogen?
Where is it released?
Luteinising hormone (LH) - men
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - women
The pituitary gland
What is testosterone responsible for?
Where is it secreted?
Responsible for development of the male reproductive organs. Also produces muscle development, voice change, facial hair growth.
Secreted in the testicles.
Characteristics of the late adulthood stage of life. 65 - death
Change in lifestyle due to retirement.
How do hormones influence development?
Hormone changes trigger puberty and play a role in the physical state of females and males.
Hormones influence when and how quickly an individual develops, meaning there is a great variation in the rate of development.
