Nutrition

Question 1

Define over-nutrition.

Answer 1

When our intake is beyond the needs of body for metabolism, activity, muscle growth healing and repair.

Question 2

Define under-nutrition.

Answer 2

When intake is below what our bodies need to maintain normal body mass and normal body function.

Question 3

Why is the head circumference measurement in children important in a nutritional assessment?

Answer 3

Children obtain most of their brain growth in the first 3-4 years. Protein is crucial for this growth. It is important to see if the infant is getting the appropriate growth within the first 24 months of life.

Question 4

What challenges nutritional health in adolescence?

Answer 4

Rapid growth, need nutrient dense food. Needs are not met in just three meals a day. Teens may also rely more on fast food, and eating out which does not provide proper nutrition

Question 5

What challenges nutritional health in pregnancy?

Answer 5

Women may be under nourished during pregnancy because there is a stigma that women must stay lean during pregnancy and not wanting to gain extra weight.
Normal weight gain between 25-35 pounds

Question 6

What challenges nutritional health in aging?

Answer 6

Changes in dentition, visual acuity, slowed GI motility, benefit from small meals, assess functional status, diminished taste and smell (lower appetite), medications can also diminish appetite.

Question 7

Describe different nutritional assessment tools

Answer 7

• Admission nutrition screening tool
• 24-hour diet recall
• Food frequency questionnaire
• Food diaries
• Direct observations (eating disorders, cognitive dysfunction, patients ability to swallow food)

Question 8

Why is the malnutrition screening tool use?

Answer 8

Quick way to determine if a person has had significant amounts of weightless to determine malnutrition

Question 9

What 3 questions do you ask while using the malnutrition screening tool?

Answer 9

Have you lost weight recently without trying to?
Quantity the amount of weight loss?
Have you been eating poorly because of a decreased appetite?

Question 10

What are anthropometric measurements

Answer 10

Anthropometry= measurements and evaluation of growth, development and body weight

Question 11

How would you calculate a derived weight?

Answer 11

Calculate DERIVED WEIGHT by dividing current weight from usual weight and multiplying it by 100.

Question 12

State of malnutrition according to weight loss percentage.
Mild malnutrition?
Moderate malnutrition?
Severe malnutrition?

Answer 12

Mild= 85-95%
Moderate= 75-84%
Severe= anything less than 75%

Question 13

How much weight loss is considered clinically significant in a month’s time?

Answer 13

Loss of over 5% of original weight in one month is considered clinically significant

Question 14

What is the significance of the weight to hip ratio and how do you measure it?

Answer 14

• Divide the waist circumference into the hip circumference.
• Very useful to screen for metabolic disease. Warning sign to keep an eye on patient.
• Greater than 1 in women, and 0.8 in men + obesity

Question 15

What objective signs may be observed to indicate malnutrition?

Answer 15

• Pale skin
• Hair that is very thing/falling out
• Sunken in eyes lacking luster
• Dry lips
• Tongue and gums breaking down and receding
• Nails are cracking and chipping
• In severe malnutrition we can see muscle wasting
• Neurological changes, slowness

Question 16

What lab values may change with malnutrition or over-nutrtion?

Answer 16

• Low iron intake, problems with hemoglobin
• Dehydration, may see lower hematocrit
• High fat intake, changes in cholesterol and triglyceride levels
• Skin testing is sometimes used to determine food allergies
• Kidney function, hydration, and protein digestion, creatine and hydrogen balance