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Health Assessment > Nose, Mouth and Throat Assessment > Flashcards

Nose, Mouth and Throat Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nose?

A

Filters and warms the air we breath, also the smell organ

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2
Q

Name the different structures of the nose.

A

Bridge, tip, nares, vestibules, columella, ala

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3
Q

What are the course hairs lining the anterior portion of the nasal cavity called?

A

Vibrissae

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4
Q

What is the function of the ciliated mucous membranes?

A
  • Hairs filter coarse matter
  • Mucous traps dust and bacteria
  • Richly supplied with capillary
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5
Q

Where are the turbinates located?

A

Superior, middle and inferior

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6
Q

Where are the olfactory receptors located?

A

The roof of the nasal cavity, and the upper third of the septum

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7
Q

Describe the structure of the paranasal sinuses.

A
  • Ciliated
  • Air filled
  • Narrow openings to nasal cavity, easily occluded, sinusitis
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8
Q

Describe the function of the paranasal sinuses.

A
  • Lighten the skull

- Serve as resonant cavities for sound production

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9
Q

Which paranasal sinuses are palpable?

A

Frontal, maxillary

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10
Q

Which paranasal sinuses are deep?

A

Sphenoid, Ethmoid

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11
Q

What is the first organ of digestion?

A

The mouth

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12
Q

What are the structures within the oral cavity?

A

Lips, palate, cheeks, tongue, teeth, gums, salivary glands

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13
Q

What are the salivary glands within the mouth?

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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14
Q

What is the oropharynx separated from the mouth by?

A

The anterior tonsillar pillar

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15
Q

Where are the tonsils located?

A

Behind the pillar and are a mass of lymphoid tissue

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16
Q

When is it common for the tonsils to enlarge?

A

During childhood, adolescences involutes it

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17
Q

At what age does salivation start?

A

Three months of age

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18
Q

When do deciduous (temporary) teeth typically erupt?

A

Around 6-24 months of age

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19
Q

When do permanent teeth typically erupt?

A

Around the ages of 6-12

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20
Q

When dose the nose finish developing?

A

In adolescence

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21
Q

What are some changes that may occur to the nose and gums during pregnancy?

A
  • Increased vascularity, nasal stiffness and epistaxis (bleeding) may occur
  • The gums may appear hyperaemic (congested with blood), softened, and may bleed with normal tooth brushing.
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22
Q

What are some changes in the nose that occur in an older adult?

A
  • Gradual loss of the subcutaneous layer may make the nose appear larger
  • Nasal hair grows coarser, and stiffer and may not filter air as efficiently
  • Nasal hair may protrude, leading to clipping, which may lead to an infection
  • Diminished olfactory nerve(smell)
23
Q

What are some changes in the mouth that occur in an older adult?

A
  • Loss of taste buds
  • Decrease in salivary cells
  • Tissue atrophy- increased risk of oral lesions
  • Tooth loss
24
Q

Cultural Considerations: whom is bifed or cleft uvula most common in?

A

Aboriginal and Asian descent

25
Q

Cultural Considerations: whom is cleft palate/lip most common in?

A

Aboriginal, and asian descent

Rarest in people of African descent

26
Q

What is Leukoedema, and who is it most common in?

A
  • A greyish-white benign lesions on the buccal mucosa.

- Most common in a person of African descent

27
Q

What are the odds of a child being born with a full set of teeth?

A

1 in 3000

28
Q

What are the odds of an Inuit child of Northern Canada being born with a full set of teeth?

A

1 in 2100

29
Q

What is Torus palatines and who is it most common in?

A
  • A bony structure down the centre of the palate

- More common in those of Aboriginal descent.

30
Q

What may challenge proper dental hygiene practices?

A

Socioeconomic status

31
Q

Is there an issue with the lack of oral/dental care access in Canada?

A

Yes

32
Q

What can a lack of dental coverage lead to?

A

Poorer dental hygiene

33
Q

Does the size of teeth vary across different ethnocultural groups?

A

Yes

34
Q

Subjective assessment for a nose.

A
  • Discharge
  • Frequent colds
  • Sinus pain
  • Trauma
  • Epistaxis (nosebleeds)
  • Allergies
  • Altered smell
35
Q

Subjective assessment for the mouth and throat.

A
  • Sores or lesions
  • Sore throat
  • Bleeding gums
  • Toothache
  • Hoarseness
  • Dysphagia
  • Altered taste
  • Smoking, alcohol consumption (oral cancer)
  • Self care (dental hygiene, dental care)
36
Q

What are you looking for when inspecting the external nose?

A
  • Symmetry
  • Midline
  • Inflammation
  • Lesions
  • Deformities
  • Tenderness
  • Deviated septum
37
Q

How would you assess for patency of nostrils?

A

Hold one side shut with a finger, then another

38
Q

What are you looking for when inspecting the nasal cavity? What instrument is used?

A
  • Looking for red mucous
  • No swelling, growths, discharge or foreign bodies

-An otoscope with the speculum head is used

39
Q

Which sinuses are palpable?

A

Frontal and maxillary

40
Q

How do you examine a mouth?

A

Anterior to posterior using a tongue blade

41
Q

When examining the lips, what are you looking for?

A
  • Colour
  • Cracking
  • Lesions
  • Moistness
  • Note normal darker pigment in dark complexions
42
Q

When examining the teeth, what are you looking for?

A
  • Any loose teeth
  • Any caries
  • Any missing teeth
  • Colour
  • Erosion
  • Lesions
  • Alignment
43
Q

When examining the gums, what are you looking for?

A

Check for pink colour, swelling, retraction of margins, and bleeding

44
Q

When examining the tongue, what are you looking for?

A

Colour, surface, moisture and saliva

45
Q

How do you inspect a tongue?

A
  • Grasp tongue and inspect lateral surface
  • Check under the front of the tongue for lesions
  • Any lesions older than two weeks need a follow up
  • Palpate lesions fot induration (mass)
46
Q

What is the Stensens duct and where is it located?

A

Opening of the parotid salivary gland by the 2nd molar

47
Q

What are Fordycf granules?

A

Small white sebaceous cysts on lips, cheeks and tongue

48
Q

Location of the hard palate?

A

Anterior

49
Q

Location of the soft palate?

A

Posterior

50
Q

How do you examine the oropharynx/throat?

A

-Examine uvula
-Have patient say ahh and watch soft palate and uvula rise (CN X)
-Note halitosis
Note tonsils

51
Q

What is the difference in examining an infants child mouth?

A
  • Take advantage of wide mouth crying
  • Play a game
  • Be careful with gag reflex
  • “Slide and creep technique”
52
Q

What is the difference in examining an infants child nose?

A
  • Infants have milia
  • Nasal flaring is abnormal
  • Newborns are obligate nose breathers
  • No nasal speculum
  • No sinus palpation under 8 years of age
53
Q

What is the difference in examining an infants child mouth and throat?

A
  • Sucking tubercle
  • Epstein pearls (normal cysts)
  • Tonsils not visible in newborns
  • Look for a strong, lusty cry
  • Strong sucking
54
Q

How does a Nose, Mouth and Throat vary in older adults?

A
  • Nose more prominent
  • Purse string mouth with teeth loss
  • Yellowing of teeth
  • Wearing and abrasion
  • Tongue smoother, mucosa thinned

Health Assessment (10 decks)

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