Nutrition

Question 1

What are some of the risk factors for low birthweight?

Answer 1

1) underweight mother
2) low pregnancy weight gain in mothers that are under weight of a healthy weight
3) iron deficiency anemia early in the pregnancy
4) certain maternal infections
5) smoking
6) alcohol use
7) poorly controlled maternal disease

Question 2

What are the risks of pregnant mothers gaining too much weight or too little?

Answer 2

Too much–> higher risk of birth injury or delivery by C-section and mother is likely to retain more weight after pregnancy
Too little–> low birth weight of child and associated complications

Question 3

T/F Fluid requirements increase for both pregnancy and lactation.

Answer 3

False. Fluid requirements do not increase much for pregnancy, but are substantially increased during lactation

Question 4

What 3 vitamins and minerals are commonly recommended for pregnant women?

Answer 4

Iron, calcium, and Folic Acid

Question 5

What 3 fish should you never eat during pregnancy?

Answer 5

Shark, king mackerel and tilefish

Question 6

What types of fish should be limited during pregnancy?

Answer 6

tuna, polluck, catfish, shrimp and salmon

Question 7

Why is listeriosis dangerous to pregnant women and how should they avoid it?

Answer 7

the bacteria can cross the placenta and infect the fetus causing death or premature birth;
reheat deli meats, avoid soft cheeses, make sure everything is cooked thoroughly

Question 8

What is the recommended treatment for gestational diabetes?

Answer 8

diet, exercise and controlled weight gain. do NOT restrict calories

Question 9

What primarily determines an infant’s birth weight and length?

Answer 9

Length of gestation, mother’s pre-pregnancy weight, and mother’s weight gain during pregnancy

Question 10

What 3 things should be supplemented in an infants diet after 6 months?

Answer 10

Protein, Iron and fluoride

Question 11

What should be supplemented in children who are breast fed?

Answer 11

Vitamin D

Question 12

What is the extrusion reflex?

Answer 12

In the first few months of life, an infant’s tongue will reject all textures except liquids

Question 13

What foods will an infant start eating around 4-6 months

Answer 13

soft, mashed foods

Question 14

What are some foods to avoid in the first year of infancy?

Answer 14

honey and corn syrup (clostridium botulinum)

Foods that are a choking hazard like nuts, popcorn, hot dogs, grapes, etc

Question 15

What kinds of milk should you avoid giving infants?

Answer 15

Goat’s milk and low-fat or non-fat cow’s milk

Question 16

What changes in a child’s growth would be cause of concern?

Answer 16

Falling off the growth curve, dropping to a lower growth percentile, or jumping to a higher percentile

Question 17

What are 4 vitamins and minerals that young children tend to be deficient in?

Answer 17

Iron, calcium, vitamin D and zinc

Question 18

What are some of the risk factors for children to become vitamin deficient?

Answer 18

families of low SES
anorexia and poor eating habits
chronic diseases
enrolled in weight management
vegetarian diets without adequate dairy products

Question 19

What are the BMI percentile definitions for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents?

Answer 19

Childhood overweight: between 85th-95 percentile

Childhood obesity: greater than or equal to 95th percentile

Question 20

What are the risk factors for developing an eating disorder?

Answer 20

activities that promote thinness (ballet, wrestling)
low self-esteem
difficulty resolving conflict or negative emotions
being a perfectionist

Question 21

What is atrophic gastritis?

Answer 21

atrophy of the parietal cells that significantly reduces the production of HCl, intrinsic factor and pepsin. This leads to a less acidic environment that allows increased survivability of bacteria. This reduces the absorption of folate and B12

Question 22

What are the dietary risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 22

low body weight
lifelong low calcium and or vitamin D intake
excessive alcohol intake
high caffeine use

Question 23

What is the nutrition recommendations for osteoporosis?

Answer 23

adequate calcium and vitamin D
adequate protein
limit sodium, caffeine and alcohol

Question 24

What are common food/nutrient-drug interactions for older adults?

Answer 24

1) Dietary potassium with diuretics or ACE inhibitors
2) Vitamin K with anticoagulants
3) milk intake with tetracycline and doxycycline