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FM 1 Part Deux > Autoimmunity Part 2 > Flashcards

Autoimmunity Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?

A

asthma, allergy, and anaphylaxis

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2
Q

What are examples of Type II hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Good pasture and Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

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3
Q

What are examples of Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

A

SLE, Serum sickness and Arthus Reaction

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4
Q

What are examples of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Contact dermatitis, TB infections, Type I DM, RA

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5
Q

Describe the immediate and late phase of type I hypersensitivity reactions?

A

immediate- starts minutes later and can last hours. Causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability and smooth muscle contraction (bronchioconstriction)
late- occurs 2-24 hours later and consists of a cellular inflammatory reaction that mediates tissue damage

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6
Q

What is the primary effector cell of type I hypersensivity reactions?

A

mast cells

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7
Q

a circulating mast cell is called a _______?

A

basophil

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8
Q

What are some examples of direct mast cell activators?

A

anaphylatoxins (C5a and C3a), IL-8, some drugs, bee venom

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9
Q

What are the two antibody classes that can activate complement?

A

IgG and IgM

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10
Q

What are the primary antibodies in the humoral response?

A

IgG

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11
Q

What are the mediator and effector cells of type II hypersensitivity reactions?

A

mediator: antibodies
effectors: complement proteins and phagocytic cells

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12
Q

What are the four general mechanisms of type II hypersensitivity reactions?

A

1) opsonization and phagocytosis
2) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity
3) complement and Fc receptor mediated inflammation
4) Antibody-mediate cellular dysfunction

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13
Q

Describe ADCC

A

NK cells target and kill cells with low levels of IgG on their surfaces. Cells are killed or lysed, NOT phagocytosed and NK are the effector cells, NOT T cells. This process is often used for eradication of parasitic reactions and is seen in transfusion reactions and erythroblastosis fetalis

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14
Q

What is an example of complement and Fc receptor-mediated inflammation?

A

Good pasture

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15
Q

What is an example of antibody mediated cellular dysfunction?

A

Graves disease and myasthenia gravis; results in dysfunction of targets cells without inflammatory or direct cellular injury

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16
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are directed against _______.

A

intracellular pathogens

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17
Q

_______ result from chronic or persistent exposure to DTH-inducing antigen

A

granulomas

18
Q

a mutation in the AIRE gene results in what disease?

A

autoimmune polyendocrinopathy

19
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms of peripheral tolerance?

A

1) anergy
2) suppression of regulatory T cells
3) clonal deletion by activation-induced cell death
4) antigen sequestration

20
Q

What cells express CD25?

A

regulatory T cells

21
Q

What is the function of regualtory T cells?

A

act to locally inhibit autoreactive T cells by the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-B

22
Q

What is IPEX?

A

an autoimmune disease resulting from mutations in Foxp3, a TF needed for activation of regulatory T cells. I- immune dysregulation, P- polyendocrinopathy, E-enteropathy, X-x-linked

23
Q

an ANA test is _____ for lupus, but not _______

A

sensitive (everyone has it); specific (because other diseases have ANAs too)

24
Q

antibodies to ____ and _____ are specific to lupus

A

dsDNA and Sm (smith) antigens

25
Q

Lupus patients may show a false positive syphilis screening test when ______ antigen is used

A

cardiolipin

26
Q

what are the cardiac involvements of SLE?

A

pericarditis (part of the serositis spectrum)

Libman-Sacks endocarditis–> nodules appear on both sides of the heart valve (LSE in SLE)

27
Q

Antihisone antibodies are a marker for _________

A

drug-induced lupus erthymatous

28
Q

what drugs cause drug-induced lupus erythematosus?

A

hydralizine, procainamide and isoniazid

29
Q

What antibodies are specific for Sjogren’s syndrome?

A

SS-A (more severe) and SS-B

30
Q

antibodies to ______ are specific for CREST syndrome

A

anticentromere

31
Q

Antibodies to _______ are seen in systemic sclerosis and CREST

A

DNA topoisomerase I (anti-Scl-70)

32
Q

anti-Jo-1 antibody is directed against ________

A

histidyle-t-RNA synthetase associated with inflammatory myopathies

33
Q

What is mikulicz syndrome?

A

a term applied to lacrimal and salivary gland enlargement in Sjogrens

34
Q

People with Sjogren’s syndrome are at an increased risk for _______

A

lymphoma

35
Q

How do you treat Kawasaki disease?

A

high doses of aspirin and IVIG

36
Q

What is the target antigen for P-ANCA? C-ANCA?

A

myelperoxidase; proteinase-3

37
Q

What diseases are associated with C-ANCA?

A

Weners granulomatosis

38
Q

What diseases are associated with P-ANCA?

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss Syndrome

39
Q

polymorphisms in the gene PTPN-22 are associated with ________

A

RA and DMI

40
Q

polymorphisms in the gene NOD2 are associated with ________

A

IBD

FM 1 Part Deux (3 decks)

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