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FM 1 Part Deux > Autoimmunity Part 1 > Flashcards

Autoimmunity Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are TLRs?

A

membrane bound receptors of the innate immune cells that recognize PAMPS. Activate NF-KB which increases cytokines and leukocytes causing inflammation and activates INF that stimulates antiviral cytokines

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2
Q

What is an NLR

A

A nod-like receptor that recognizes DAMPs and produce IL-1

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3
Q

Cell mediated immunity defends against _____ and is mediated by ______.

A

Intracellular pathogens; T cells

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4
Q

Humoral immunity defends against _______ and is mediated by ________

A

extracellular pathogens; B cells

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5
Q

What are the two type of antigen presenting cells?

A

macrophages and dendritic cells

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6
Q

An infiltrate of T cells expressing identical gene rearrangement of their T cells receptors are _____ and therefore represent_______.

A

clonal; a neoplastic population of malignant T cells

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7
Q

CD3 can be used to differentiate _______ cells

A

T cells

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8
Q

Which are more common CD4 or CD8 T cells? What is their function?

A

CD4 (60% vs 30%)–> secrete cytokines to help macrophages and B cells fight infection

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9
Q

Where is CD28 located?

A

on the T cell

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10
Q

What is the function of IL-2?

A

induces and sustains proliferation of activated T cells

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11
Q

What do TH1 cells secrete?

A

INF-gamma–> activates macrophages

stimulate B cells–> to secrete oposonizing and complement fixing antibodies (IgG)

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12
Q

What cells are involved in mediating delayed type hypersensivity?

A

TH1

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13
Q

What do TH2 cells secrete?

A

IL4–> induces synthesis of IgE from B cells

IL5–> results in activation of eosinophils

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14
Q

What do TH17 cells secrete?

A

IL-17–> recruit neutrophils and some monocyts

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15
Q

What is required for signal transduction following antigen binding in a B cell?

A

CD79

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16
Q

What are present on the surface of a naive developing B cell?

A

IgM and IgD

17
Q

What are the 3 steps to B cell activation?

A

1) antigen must bind to antibody
2) CD21/CR2 on the B cell must bind to complement
3) CD40 on the T cell must be activated by T cells

18
Q

What are 2 opsonizing agents?

A

IgG and C3b

19
Q

What are the 2 types of dendritic cells?

A

1) interdigiting–> located in epithelial and interstitial tissues (Langerhan cells) and are important for initiating T Cell response via MHCII on initial encounter with the antigen
2) Follicular–> located in germinal center and are important for mediating ongoing immune responses (humoral immunity) by presenting antigens that have been opsonized to B cells

20
Q

What are the targets of NK cells?

A

viruses and tumors

21
Q

CD16 is located on which cells?

A

NK cells; it binds to IgG

22
Q

What are the two ways NK cells target cells for lysis?

A

1) Antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (CD16 binds IgG)
2) Monitoring MHC class I and stress molecules

23
Q

What are the 5 functional classes of cytokines (ILs)?

A

1) mediate innate immunity
2) regulate lymphocytes
3) activate inflammatory cells
4) chemokines (affecting lymphocyte movement)
5) stimulate hematopoiesis

24
Q

What is the function of IL-12?

A

It induces cells to differentiate along the TH1 pathway

25
Q

What cytokine induces differentiation of CD4 T helper cells along the TH2 pathway?

A

Il-4

26
Q

What does TGF-B (and IL-10) do?

A

down-regulates the immune response

27
Q

What does IL-1 do?

A

It is an important cytokine involved in immunity that mediates the acute phase inflammatory response by recruiting inflammatory cells and initiating fever

28
Q

Name two different cysteine residue chemokines and what they do.

A

1) C-C (cys-cys) chemokines are produced by T cells and attract monocytes, eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes (but not neutrophils)
2) C–X-C are produced by macrophages and endothelial cells and act on neutrophils

29
Q

MHC molecules are a heterodimer of what 2 things?

A

a polymorphic a chain and a B2 microglobulin

30
Q

What well known diseases are associated with HLAs?

A

ankylosing spondylitis and post-infectious arthropathies(HLA-B27–> MHC I)

31
Q

Autoimmune diseases often show which HLA disease association?

A

HLA-DR (DR4–> RA)

32
Q

What are two inherited diseases of metabolism (HLA-associated diseases?)

A 
herditary hemochromatosis (HHC) --> HLA-A
21 hydroxylase deficiency --> HLA-bw47

FM 1 Part Deux (3 decks)

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