Nutrition Flashcards
for hypertension, what lifestyle modifications are relevant?
if overweight (BMI > 25), lose weight reduce slat intake (recommended intake
what GI disease is a high salt intake associated with?
increased risk of gastric cancer
What is the best way to measure obesity?
using weist circumference
What lifestyle mods can decrease the risk of colorectal cancer?
increase intake of dietary FIBRE. increased exercise
what is associated with an increased risk of colorectal caner?
high intake of saturated fats. alcohol. high body fat.
what foods contain saturated fats?
red meat and processed meat.
What are some GI symptoms of malabsorption?
diarrhoea, steatorroeah (stools float and stink) easy bruising (due to lack of vit C + K) angular stomatitis, glossits (due to lack of iron + B vits) koilonychia (spooning of nails) - due to iron deficiency
What supplement would you give for encephalopathy?
thiamine (Vit B1), especially if due to alcohol.
What is associated with increased risk of developing chronic IBD?
high ratio of n-6 (omega 6) to n-3 (omega 3) polyunsaturated fats. this also increases risk of colorectal cancer.
What is a source of omega 3 polyunsaturated fats?
oily fish (salmon)
what is a source of omega 6 polyunsaturated fats?
seed oils (sunflower, soya)
what plays a protective role in development IBD?
high intake of fruit + fibre
What screening tool is used to assess malnutrition? what does it involve?
MUST assessment. involves BMI and %weight loss
how do you calculate BMI and what are the limits.
[weight, Kg/ height, M}/ height (WHH)
normal: 18.5 - 25
overweight: >25, obese >30
underweight
What does ulna length estimate? mid upper arm circumference? handgrip strength?
ulna length - estimates height
mid upper arm circumference - BMI
handgrip strength - upper extremity muscle strength
What disease can enteral nutrition induce remission?
Chron’s (orally or NG tube)
What is a source of soluble fibres? and what are 2 examples?
beans, lentils.
B-glucan, pectin
what is a source of insoluble fibres? what are 2 examples?
wholegrains. plant material
lignin, cellulose
how does fibre play a protective role?
Bulk: reduces transit time and therefore, also absorption of carcinogens.
fermentation: produces short chain fatty acids which promotes growth of healthy cells and bacteria in bowel wall
which foods have the greatest percentage reduction of developing colorectal cancer?
legume fibre (38%) wholegrains (17%)
in the kernel of grains, where is the majority of fibre found?
the bran(outermost layer).
what are the health benefits of wholegrains due to?
same as fibre (Bulk + fermentation)
also, provide antioxidants and phytochemicals which protects against DNA damage
what is the recommended daily intake of wholegrains?
48g/day
what is the recommended intake of red and processed meats?
70g/day
in prevention of CHD, what is the main target of reduction? what meds do this and how?
to reduce LDL cholesterol.
statins: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
what is the action of fibrates?
lowers triglycerides and may increase HDL
What is the best lifestyle advice to prevent CVD? second best?
reduce total fat intake. 2nd, replace saturated fats with poly/mono-unsaturated fats.
what is a source of mono-unsaturated fats?
olives, avocados, peanuts
What do transunsaturated fats do and what is a source?
raise LDL and lower HDL (not good). found in margarine, fried/fast food
What is the recommended physical activity per week?
150mins moderate intensive activity/week
OR, 75mins vigorous activity per week
+ 2 days of muscle strength acctivity
