last notes Flashcards
What is diverticular disease (diverticula)? where does it commonly affect?
mucosal herniation through muscle coat. Commonly affects the sigmoid colon.
What is the cause of diverticula and what is due to? symptoms?
Low fibre diet + raised intralumenal pressure. asymptomatic, incidental finding.
What is diverticulitis?
inflammation of diverticula.
What are the signs/ symptoms of diverticulitis?
Left iliac fossa pain + tenderness. sepsis. altered bowel habit.
What investigation is definitive for diverticulitis?
Sigmoidoscopy.
Treatment of diverticulitis?
IV antibiotics, IV fluids. High soluble fibre diet. Curative treatment only surgery (if symptoms persist) - Hartmans procedure
Symptoms/signs of small bowel obstruction? Proximal? distal?
Abdominal colicky pain (umbilical). Abdo distension. “twinkling bowel sounds”
proximal: massive vomitting, NO distension.
distal: abdo distenstion (vomitting later)
Symptoms of a strangulated small bowel?
Sepsis. shock. CONSTANT, severe pain.
Investigations of small bowel obstruction?
Supine Abdo XR
Treatment of small bowel obstruction?
non-strangulated: Iv fluids (resuscitation). Naso-gastric suction.
strangulated: IV fluids + antibiotics. Immediate surgery.
What are the signs/symptoms of large bowel obstruction?
Colicky abdominal pain. ABDO DISTENSION. (vomititng, less likely than in small bowel obstruction). Complete constipation. “twinkling bowel sounds”
What kind if cancer is related to Barret’s? How do you diagnose?
adenocarcinoma. Endoscopy + biopsy.
Symptoms of oesophageal cancer?
dysphagia. odynophagia. dyspepsia. (general symptoms of malignancy) weight loss, anaemia, fatigue
What arteries are occluded in ischaemic colitis?
superior mesenteric artery or inferior mesenteric.
Signs and symptoms of ischaemic colitis?
sudden onset abdo pain. bright red blood per rectum, with or without diarrhoea. suspect in those with CVD.
