Nutrition Flashcards
What is an anabolic process?
A process in which energy and raw materials are used for growth and maintenance of larger molecules.
What are the five reasons why cells constantly require energy?
Bio-synthetic work, Mechanical, Electrical, Osmotic, Transport
What is the energy molecule called, and what is it’s reaction cycle?
ATP.
ATP –> ADP + Pi –> ATP etc.
First stage is when energy is used, second is in energy production (oxidation of fuel molecules)
Name 4 carbohydrates we take in in our diet and what their components are.
Starch - polymer of glucose
Sucrose - fructose and glucose
Lactose - glucose and galactose
Fructose
Why do we need protein in our diet?
To provide us with amino acids.
It can also be used for energy in times of starvation.
What is the better source of protein?
Animal, because plants tend to be deficient in certain amino acids.
What are the 9 essential amino acids?
Isoleucine, lysine, threonine, histidine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, valine.
Why do fats yield less energy than carbohydrates and proteins?
They contain less O2.
What are the four fat soluble vitamins?
ADEK
Why is fat required in the diet?
For absorption of fat soluble vitamins from the gut, and also for linoleic and linolenic because these two fatty acids cannot be synthesised by the body.
What happens if vitamin intake is not sufficient?
Deficiency diseases occur.
Why are metal ions required in the diet (in the form of minerals)?
They act as enzyme cofactors, for example iron and haemoglobin.
What are the 2 minerals required for structure of teeth and bone?
Calcium and Phosphorus
What are sources of dietary fibre?
Bread, cereals, beans, fruit and vegetables.
Why is an increase in fibre in the diet good?
It helps to promote normal GI function, and it also traps bile salts. This means that more bile to be produced and so there is a drop in cholesterol because more is being used for bile synthesis.