Nutrition

Question 1

Food sources for carbohydrates

Answer 1

Bread, cereal, rice, pasta, soy beans, whole grains, muesli, fruits, beans, vegetables, dairy products,

Question 2

Specific Functions of Carbohydrates

Answer 2

Macronutrient:
Main source of energy and best source of fuel. Fibre forms the main form to remove waste from body and regulates blood cholesterol. Regulates blood sugar levels.

Question 3

Role in development made by Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Required for metabolism and growth. Used for energy production.

Question 4

Food sources for Vitamin C

Answer 4

Citrus foods: oranges and strawberries, kiwi fruit, broccoli, black currants.

Question 5

Specific functions of Vitamin C

Answer 5

Micronutrient:

Essential for building collagen- formation of skin, scar tissue, connective tissue, bone, tendons.

Question 6

Role in development for Vitamin C

Answer 6

Blood production
Soft tissue development
Hard tissue development

Question 7

Food sources for water

Answer 7

Tap water, fruit and vegetables.

Question 8

Specific functions of water

Answer 8

Micronutrient:

Aid in digestion and removal of waste, key component of cells and blood, tissue and systems and cushion for joints.

Question 9

Role in development for Water

Answer 9

Energy production
Blood production
Soft tissue development
Hard tissue development

Question 10

Food sources for calcium

Answer 10

Dairy products like milk, yoghurt, cheese, cream, sardines and salmon, soy products like tofu, green
leafy vegetables- spinach

Question 11

Specific Functions for calcium

Answer 11

Micronutrient:

Hardening and ossification of hard tissues (bones, cartilage and teeth). Prevents osteoporosis later in life.

Question 12

Role in development for calcium

Answer 12

Hard tissue development

Question 13

Food sources for protein

Answer 13

Beef, pork, tuna, chicken, salmon, cheese, lamb, egg and milk. Pumpkin seeds, peanut butter, almonds, pistachios, tofu, oats, cashews, hazelnuts, lentils.

Question 14

Specific functions for protein

Answer 14

Macronutrient:

Builds, maintains and repairs body cells. This included the cells required to build muscle, organs, bone and blood

Question 15

Role in development for protein

Answer 15

Energy production
Blood production
Soft tissue development
Hard tissue development

Question 16

Food sources of b-group vitamins

Answer 16

Vegemite, whole grain cereals and breads, eggs, meats, fish, dark-green leafy vegetables and milk

Question 17

Specific functions for b-group vitamins

Answer 17

Micronutrient:
Assist in the metabolism of energy (carbohydrates, proteins and fats) 
B6 - brain development 
B9 - DNA synthesis 
B12 - formation of red blood cells

Question 18

Role in development for b-group vitamins

Answer 18

Energy production
Blood production
Soft tissue development
Hard tissue development

Question 19

Food sources of vitamin A

Answer 19

Red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables- raw carrots, sweet potato, squash, spinach and cantaloupe

Question 20

Specific functions for vitamin A

Answer 20

Micronutrient:

Cell reproduction and differentiation. Normal vision, development of immune system functioning

Question 21

Role in development for vitamin A

Answer 21

Energy production
Blood production
Soft tissue production
Hard tissue production

Question 22

Food sources for vitamin d

Answer 22

Fish - tuna, salmon, mackerel, sardines and herring. Fortified milk, breakfast cereals, OJ

Question 23

Specific functions for Vitamin D

Answer 23

Micronutrient:

Assists in the absorption of calcium

Question 24

Role in development for vitamin d

Answer 24

Hard tissue development

Question 25

Food sources for iron

Answer 25

Lean read meat, turkey and chick, fish, eggs, hits and seeds, brown rice, tofu green leafy vegetables

Question 26

Specific functions for iron

Answer 26

Micronutrient: An essential part of blood. Forms the haem part of haemoglobin, which is the oxygen-carrying part of blood. Prevents anaemia

Question 27

Role in development for iron

Answer 27

Energy production Blood production Soft tissue development

Question 28

Food sources for fats

Answer 28

Avocado, canola oil, Peanut butter, fish - salmon and sardines, canola and soy oils, animal products - meat, eggs, milk, cream and cheese

Question 29

Specific functions for fats

Answer 29

``` Macronutrient: Key component of the cell membrane and are required throughout life for adequate cell function. Transport vitamins (A,D,E,K) around the body ```

Question 30

Role in development for fats

Answer 30

Energy production Soft tissue development Hard tissue development

Question 31

Food sources of Carbohydrates

Answer 31

Food sources: bread, cereals, rice, pasta, soybeans, whole grains, muesli, fruits, beans, vegetables, dairy products like milk, yoghurt.

Question 32

What are macronutrients?

Answer 32

Nutrients that are required in large amounts (protein, carbohydrates and fats.

Question 33

What are micronutrients?

Answer 33

Nutrients that are required in small amounts (vitamins and minerals)

Question 34

Individual Human Development

Answer 34

Changes that occur and people experience from conception to death. They are often characterised by milestones that are predictable and happen in sequential order.

Question 35

Physical Devlopment:

Answer 35

Changes that occur to the body and it's systems: Growth, increase in complexity, motor skill develop, decline in body systems.

Question 36

Social Development:

Answer 36

Refers to the social skills and behaviours individuals learn from a young age. CRBSV Communication skills, relationship skills, behaviours, social roles, values and beliefs.

Question 37

Emotional Development:

Answer 37

Refers to the development to the full range of emotions and learning appropriate ways to express and deal with them. SAME Self concept, awareness of emotions, management of emotions, expression of emotions

Question 38

Intellectual Development:

Answer 38

Both the processes that occur within the brain and to the increasing complexity of the brain LAMP KTC Language, attention, memory, problem solving, knowledge, ought patterns, creativity.

Question 39

Physical Health

Answer 39

Refers to the overall wellbeing of the body and it's systems

Question 40

Social Health

Answer 40

Refers to the quality of interacting with others.

Question 41

Mental Health

Answer 41

The wellbeing of an individual, in which they realise their own capabilities,able to deal with normal stresses of life, work productively and give back to the community.

Question 42

4 determinants of health:

Answer 42

Biological, behavioural, physical environment and social environment.

Question 43

Behavioural determinants:

Answer 43

Focuses on the decisions people make and how they choose to live their lives. Eg. Sun protection, physical activity, substance use, sexual practices, maintains friendships, seeking help from health professionals.

Question 44

Physical Environment:

Answer 44

Physical things that make up he environment such as air and water, and available facilities such as housing, recreation and health care. Eg, tobacco smoke in the home, housing environment, work environment, access to recreational facilities.

Question 45

Social environment:

Answer 45

Refers to the 'social situation' in which people live. This includes the people with whom an individual associates, the decisions that are made on behalf of the community and the position of an individual compared to others in society. Eg. Family cohesion, SES of parents, media, community and civic participation, access to education.

Question 46

Biological Determinants:

Answer 46

Concerned with the body's cells, tissues, organs and systems, and how they function. Eg. Genetics, hormonal changes, body weight.

Question 47

Genetics: impact on youth development

Answer 47

Genetics is largely associated with physical appearance. With genetics a person has genetic potential in many aspects of their physical appearance, height weight, skin colour, freckles, hair, muscle mass etc. therefore impacting their development during puberty, especially physical changes that occur.

Question 48

Hormones that impact youth development:

Answer 48

GnRH: released from the hypothalamus and triggers the pituitary gland to release two more hormones, LH and FSH LH and FSH: released from the pituitary gland, act on the ovaries and testes to stimulate the production and release of oestrogen and testosterone. Oestrogen: released from ovaries. It is responsible for the development of the female reproductive organs. Also increases fat deposit, promotes breast development and regulates menstrual cycle. Testosterone: released from testes. Responsible for the development of the male reproductive organs. Also produces muscle development, voice changes, and facial hair. Growth: released from pituitary gland and increases growth rate. Thyroxine: released from the thyroid gland. Regulates the rate of metabolism. Essential to regulate the energy produced by the body, the development of the nervous system and muscles, and growth of long bones.

Question 49

Body weight: impacts on youth development

Answer 49

Can cause missing out on social experiences which effects communication skills Being victimised at school can lead to concentration problems: Intel development Coping strategies may be developed to deal with feelings- emo development Measured by BMI calculated by weight (kg) / height (m)2

Question 50

Energy production

Answer 50

Carbohydrates, lipids and protein, are the fuel for the energy B-group vitamins allow the release of energy Iron forms a part of haemoglobin, essential for carrying oxygen around the body Water transports the b-group vitamins and is also required for chemical reactions to take place

Question 51

Blood production

Answer 51

(55% plasma 44% red blood cells 1% white blood cells) Protein, main building material and also forms the globin in part of haemoglobin Vitamin C, forms connective tissue and assists in iron absorption Lipids, required for he formation of cell membranes Vitamin A, required for cell division Iron, required for 'haem' part of haemoglobin production B6, folate and B12, required for DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation Water, the main component of blood

Question 52

Soft tissue formation

Answer 52

(Muscles, organs, tendons, ligaments and skin) Protein, main building material Folate, promotes cell division and tissue growth Vitamin C, forms connective tissue Lipids, maintains and develops cell membranes Vitamin A, required for cell division Water, medium for chemical reactions and present in soft tissue cells

Question 53

Hard tissue formation

Answer 53

(Bones, teeth and cartilage) Protein, main building material Vitamin C, forms connective tissue Vitamin A, required for cell division Calcium, hardening material of hard tissues Vitamin D, required for the absorption of calcium

Question 54

Short term consequences- nutritional imbalance in youth

Answer 54

Production of energy is made by proper nutrition intake. If nutrients aren't consumes on a regular basis, (carbs, b-group vitamins, iron) energy levels may decrease, imparting physical health. This then can cause an impact on social life, (social health), exercise, (physical health) and concentration, (intellectual development).

Question 55

Long term consequences- nutrition imbalance in youth

Answer 55

Can cause dental caries, underweight, overweight, obesity, slowed growth, anaemia and risk of infection.

Question 56

Food selection models:

Answer 56

Tools that help youth to select foods that will meet their nutritional needs, without consuming too many energy dense food. Examples include Australian guide to healthy eating and the healthy living pyramid. The pyramid represents food from he basic food groups and arranges them to three levels. "Eat most" consumes food of plant origin. "Eat moderately" contains food of animal origin. "Eat in small amounts" foods that are processed or high in sugar/ fat.