Exam Flashcards
What is health status?
The level of health being experienced by and individual or population after taking into account factors like life expectancy, disability rates and risk of disease.
What is mental health?
The wellbeing of an individual in which they can realise his/her own capabilities, able to deal with normal stresses of life, work productively and give back to the community.
Examples include, confidence, self esteem, levels of stress, thought patterns.
What is social health?
Refers to the quality of interacting with others.
Examples: social needs met, friendship networks
Physical health
Refers to the overall wellbeing of the body and it’s systems.
Examples: weight, blood pressure, levels of illness.
What is burden of disease?
The impact of a particular disease in relation to the amount of health life lost due to premature illness of a person or population.
DALYs
(Disability adjusted life years)
1 DALY is equal to one ‘healthy’ life lost due to premature death or living with an illness
Life expectancy
An indication of how long a person is expected to live if the current death rates stay the same.
Morbidity
Refers to ill-health, including disease, injury me disability. It is the level of ill-health in a population. Morbidity rate refers to the rate of ill health in a population in a given time.
Mortality
Rate of deaths that occurred in a population in a given period of time for a specific cause/ all causes.
Incidence
The number of new cases of a condition in a given time (usually 12 months)
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a condition at a given time.
Physical development
Changes that occur to the body and it’s systems.
Growth, increase in complexity, motor skill development, decline in body systems.
Social development
Refers to the social skills and behaviours individuals learn from a young age.
CRBSV
Communication skills, relationship skills, behaviour, social roles, values and beliefs.
Emotional development
Refers to the emotions and the development of the full range of emotions and learning way to express and deal with them.
SAME
Self concept, awareness of emotions, management of emotions, expression of emotions.
Intellectual development
Both the processes that occur within the brain and the increasing complexity of the brain.
LAMPKTC
Language, attention, memory, problem solving, knowledge, thought patterns, creativity
YLL
Years of life lost: a way of measuring mortality. If a person dies from a specific condition, 30 years before the predicated life expectancy, they have contributed 30 YLLs to that specific cause.
YLD
Years of life lost due to disability: measure of the impact of morbidity on a groups or population. Ie) indication of the severity of the condition and how much it interferes with normal life.
Individual human development
Changes that occurs and people experience from conception to death. Often characterised by milestones, that are predictable and happen in sequential order.
Puberty
Biological changes that occurs in youth that allows the individual to start sexual reproduction.
BMI
Body mass index: a measure of body mass to height, used to ascertain overweight and obesity levels,
Weight (kg) / height (m)2
Categories: underweight, normal weight, overweight, obese.
BMI and youth
Youth are still growing and developing, therefore their body proportion and fat levels change as they grow. Therefore have to use chart comparing to an individual of he same age.
Biological determinants:
Concerned with the body’s cells, tissues organs and systems, and how they function. They include genetics, hormonal changes and body weight.
Behavioural determinant
Focuses on the decisions people make and how they chose to lead their lives.
Sun protection, substance use, sexual practices, seeking help from health professionals, maintaining friendships, physical activity.
Physical environment
Physical things that make up the environment,
Housing environment, work environment, tobacco smoke in the home, access to recreational facilities.
Social environment
The social situation in which an individual lives.
Family cohesion, SES of parents, media, community and civic participation, access to education.
Carbohydrates
Food: break, cereal, rice
Functions: main source of energy - best source of fuel. Regulates blood sugar levels.
Role in development: required for metabolism and growth. Energy production.
Vitamin C
Food: citrus foods - oranges and strawberries, kiwi fruit
Specific functions: essential for building collagen
Role in development: blood production, soft tissue development, hard tissue development
Water
Food: tap water, fruit and veges
Specific functions: aid in digestion and removal of waste.
Role in development: energy production, blood production, soft tissue development, hard tissue development.
Calcium
Food: dairy products, like milk, yogurt cheese.
Specific functions: hardening and ossification of hard tissues.
Role in development: hard tissue developmen
Protein
Food: beef, pork chicken.
Specific function: builds, maintains and repairs body cells.
Role in development: energy production, bloody production, hard tissue development, soft tissue development.
B-group vitamins
Food: Vegemite, milk, fish
Specific functions: assist in the metabolism of energy
Role in development: energy production, blood production, soft tissue development, hard tissue development
Vitamin A
Food: red, yellow, orange vegetables.
Specific functions: required for cell division
Role in development: energy production, blood production, soft tissue development, hard tissue development.
Vitamin d
Food: tuna, salmon, fortified milk
Specific functions: assist in the absorption of calcium
Role in development: hard tissue development
Iron
Food: lean red meat, turkey, fish
Specific function: forms the haem part of haemoglobin, the oxygen carrying part of blood.
Role in development: energy production, blood production, soft tissue development
Fats
Food: avocado, canola oil, peanut butter
Specific functions: transports vitamins A D E K around the body
Role in development: energy production, soft tissue development, hard tissue development.
Energy production
Carbohydrates, lipids and protein: fuel
B-group vitamins: allow release
Iron: forms haem part of haemoglobin
Water: allows chemical reactions to take place
Blood production
WILFPAC
Water: main component of blood,
Iron: forms haem part of haemoglobin
Lipids: required for the formation of cell membranes
B6, folate, b12: required for DNA synthesis
Protein: main building material and forms globin part
Vitamin a: required for cell division
Vitamin c: forms connective tissue
Soft tissue development
Protein: main building material Folate: promotes cell division Vitamin c: forms connective tissue Lipids: develops cell membranes Vitamin a: required for cell division Water: allows chemical reactions to occur
Hard tissue development
Protein: main building material Vitamin c: forms connective tissue Vitamin a : required of cell division Calcium: hardening material Vitamin d: required for the absorption of calcium.
What is health
Health is a complete state oh physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Food selection models
Tools that help youth to select foods that will meet their nutritional needs, without consuming too many energy dense food. Examples include Australian guide to healthy eating and the healthy living pyramid. The pyramid represents food from he basic food groups and arranges them to three levels. “Eat most” consumes food of plant origin. “Eat moderately” contains food of animal origin.
“Eat in small amounts” foods that are processed or high in sugar/ fat.
