Nutrition

Question 1

Some people exercise to control their weight.

Define the term obesity and suggest one limitation for any definition of this term.

Answer 1

Obese = 20% / 30% + body fat / BMI >30 / 40;
Definition must be objective – ‘lots of fat’ / ‘overweight’ = wrong
Limited because measurement is inaccurate / subjective / difficult to measure / could have
big muscles / large frame / physique

Question 2

To be more effective in physical activity, performers will consider their lifestyle choices. Diet
is one lifestyle choice. What do you understand by the term balanced diet?

Answer 2

Sufficient / enough / correct amount of each component

Question 3

Briefly explain how two different named classes of food in an athlete’s diet will aid his / her
performance.

Answer 3

Sufficient carbohydrates for energy
First two answers
Sufficient fats for energy
What and why
Sufficient protein – (muscle) growth / repair development
Sufficient minerals – bone formation / muscle function / increased (energy)
metabolism / electrolyte balance / blood formation / equiv
Sufficient vitamins – increased (energy) metabolism / blood formation / equiv;
Sufficient water – medium for reactions / lubricant / regulate temperature / avoid
dehydration
2

Question 4

Explain how and why the diet of a competitive weightlifter may need to differ from that of an
untrained individual.

Answer 4

How (sub max 2) Why
Extra calories /
carbohydrates / fats
Carbohydrates / fats for
energy / respiration /
ATP resynthesis;
Extra protein;
Protein for muscle
growth and repair /
development / equiv
Extra vitamins and
minerals;
Vitamins and minerals
for higher metabolism /
muscle nerve
functioning / tissue
growth / energy release
from foods / equiv
Extra fluid / water
Fluid / water to avoid
dehydration / replace
losses through
sweating / temperature
regulation

Question 5

Footballers need ‘stamina’ to play the game effectively.
State two classes of food that are most suitable for players who require stamina and why they
are needed in their diet.

Answer 5

3 marks for 3 of :
First two food groups only
Carbohydrates / glucose / sugar;
Do not accept carbs.
Fats / lipids / triglycerides
Do not accept protein.
Energy / ATP / respiration
Do not accept fuel.

Question 6

Explain how a diet containing sufficient ‘vitamins’ and ‘minerals’ contributes to effective
performance.

Answer 6

2 marks for 2 of :
Vit K / folic acid / Vit B12 / iron – helps production of red blood cells / haemoglobin;
Calcium / phosphorus / Vit D for bones;
Calcium / magnesium for muscle contraction;
Vit B2 / niacin / phosphorus / sodium / iron – energy metabolism;
Potassium / sodium / calcium – nerve transmission.

Question 7

We eat different classes of food. One of these classes of food is fat. Describe two benefits to athletes of including ‘fat’ in their diet.

Answer 7

2 marks for 2 of :
Used as an energy source;
Contains fat-soluble vitamins / essential fatty acids;
Acts as insulator;
Slow release / low intensity.
2

Question 8

Too much dietary fat may cause obesity. Which diseases are associated with ‘obesity’?

Answer 8

3 marks for 3 of :
Heart disease / heart attacks;
Diabetes;
High blood pressure;
High cholesterol / fats / lipids in blood / atherosclerosis;
Stroke;
Lung disease;
Liver / gall bladder disease;
(Oesteo) arthritis;
Gout;
Cancer;
(Deep vein) thrombosis;
Psychosocial problems / depression.

Question 9

Netball players should have a suitably balanced diet for their sport. What do you
understand by the term balanced diet?

Answer 9

Food intake containing sufficient amounts (enough but not excess) of all the
nutrients required / energy balance

Question 10

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a netball player having a diet rich in fat?

Answer 10

Advantages:
Energy source;
Aerobic / low intensity / slow release;
Source of vitamins;
E.g. A, D, E or K.
Sub max 3 marks
Disadvantages:
Excess mass / weight / obesity;
Bad for stamina / endurance;
Limits range of movement / flexibility;
Performer too warm / may overheat / limits heat loss;
One of the following named diseases: atherosclerosis / atheroma, coronary
heart disease, diabetes, cancers, high blood pressure.
Sub max 3 marks